How bonding in complex compound takes place?
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Co-ordinate bonds are formed between ligands and the central metal ion in a complex; that is, a ligand donates an electron pair to the metal ion. Co-ordination compounds are formed very readily by the transition metals since they have vacant-d-orbitals which can accommodate donated electron pairs.
The number of co-ordinate bonds which can be formed largely depends on the number aof vacant orbitals of suitable energy. In many cases ligands are added until the central metal in the complex possesses (or) shares the same number of electrons as the next inert gas. The total number of the electrons on the central metal in the complex including those gained by bonding, is called effective atomic number (EAN).
Thus by forming complexes many metals obtain an EAN of the next inert gas. However a significant number of exceptions are known where EAN is one (or) two units more than the corresponding inert gas.
For example,
Fe ⇒ atomic number is 26
and forming a complex, [Fe(CN)6]4–
the number of electrons lost = 2
the number of electrons gained = 12 ⇒ EAN = 36
The tendency to attain an inert gas configuration is a significant factor but not a necessary condition for complex formation, because it is also necessary to produce a symmetrical structure irrespective of the number of electrons involved.
The number of co-ordinate bonds which can be formed largely depends on the number aof vacant orbitals of suitable energy. In many cases ligands are added until the central metal in the complex possesses (or) shares the same number of electrons as the next inert gas. The total number of the electrons on the central metal in the complex including those gained by bonding, is called effective atomic number (EAN).
Thus by forming complexes many metals obtain an EAN of the next inert gas. However a significant number of exceptions are known where EAN is one (or) two units more than the corresponding inert gas.
For example,
Fe ⇒ atomic number is 26
and forming a complex, [Fe(CN)6]4–
the number of electrons lost = 2
the number of electrons gained = 12 ⇒ EAN = 36
The tendency to attain an inert gas configuration is a significant factor but not a necessary condition for complex formation, because it is also necessary to produce a symmetrical structure irrespective of the number of electrons involved.
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