How British nationalism grew at the cost of the cltures
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Taxation in the United Kingdom may involve payments to at least three different levels of government: central government (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs), devolved governments and local government. Central government revenues come primarily from income tax, National Insurance contributions, value added tax, corporation tax and fuel duty. Local government revenues come primarily from grants from central government funds, business rates in England, Council Tax and increasingly from fees and charges such as those for on-street parking. In the fiscal year2014–15, total government revenue was forecast to be £648 billion, or 37.7 per cent of GDP, with net taxes and National Insurance contributions standing at £606 billion
babitamann76:
whats ur age?
tq my age is 16
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Since I believe the Scots are sensible, I think they will vote no to independence on Thursday. But, whichever way the vote goes, the spectacular rise of nationalism, in Scotland and elsewhere in Europe, is a symptom of a diseased political mainstream.
Many are now convinced that the current way of organising our affairs does not deserve such unquestioning allegiance; that the political system has closed down serious debate on economic and social alternatives; that banks and oligarchs rule; and that democracy is a sham. Nationalism promises an escape from the discipline of "sensible" alternatives that turn out to offer no alternative.
Nationalists can be divided into two main groups: those who genuinely believe that independence provides an exit from a blocked political system, and those who use the threat of it to force concessions from the political establishment. Either way, nationalist politicians enjoy the huge advantage of not requiring a practical program: all good things will flow from sovereignty.
Though nationalist politics was long suppressed after the second world war by economic prosperity and memories of pre-war horrors, Europe offers fertile ground for its revival. This is not just because of Europe's prolonged economic malaise. It is because practically all of Europe's existing nation-states contain geographically concentrated ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities. Moreover, these states' incorporation into the EU – a kind of voluntary empire – challenges their citizens' allegiance. Thus, nationalists can look either to Europe to protect them against their own states or to their states to protect them against the European empire.
That is why Britain has spawned two nationalisms simultaneously. Ukip, led by populist Nigel Farage, looks to London to protect British independence against the EU bureaucracy. The Scottish National party (SNP), led by the astute Alex Salmond, looks to Brussels to protect Scotland against the "imperial" parliament in Westminster. Given the right conditions, nationalism will always discover an "other" against which to define itself
Many are now convinced that the current way of organising our affairs does not deserve such unquestioning allegiance; that the political system has closed down serious debate on economic and social alternatives; that banks and oligarchs rule; and that democracy is a sham. Nationalism promises an escape from the discipline of "sensible" alternatives that turn out to offer no alternative.
Nationalists can be divided into two main groups: those who genuinely believe that independence provides an exit from a blocked political system, and those who use the threat of it to force concessions from the political establishment. Either way, nationalist politicians enjoy the huge advantage of not requiring a practical program: all good things will flow from sovereignty.
Though nationalist politics was long suppressed after the second world war by economic prosperity and memories of pre-war horrors, Europe offers fertile ground for its revival. This is not just because of Europe's prolonged economic malaise. It is because practically all of Europe's existing nation-states contain geographically concentrated ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities. Moreover, these states' incorporation into the EU – a kind of voluntary empire – challenges their citizens' allegiance. Thus, nationalists can look either to Europe to protect them against their own states or to their states to protect them against the European empire.
That is why Britain has spawned two nationalisms simultaneously. Ukip, led by populist Nigel Farage, looks to London to protect British independence against the EU bureaucracy. The Scottish National party (SNP), led by the astute Alex Salmond, looks to Brussels to protect Scotland against the "imperial" parliament in Westminster. Given the right conditions, nationalism will always discover an "other" against which to define itself
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