How can ecological factors influence in pond ecosystem? discuss it with suitable examples with respect to its structural and functional aspects.
Answers
Answer:
Aquatic plants are important components of many freshwater ecosystems. In this review we examine natural and anthropogenic influences on the distribution and abundance of aquatic plants, and develop a conceptual model of those diverse interactions. Species of aquatic plants vary greatly in their anatomy, physiology, life-history traits, and ability to tolerate inorganic and biological stressors. Key examples of inorganic stressors are extreme regimes of flow velocity, irradiance, salinity, ice cover, temperature, nutrients, and pollutants. Stressors associated with competition, herbivory, and disease may also limit the ability of species to utilize otherwise suitable habitats. Some aquatic plants have a cosmopolitan distribution and display high levels of polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity in response to variations of environmental factors; these qualities allow them to occur over a wide range of conditions. Other species, however, have narrower tolerances and are potentially useful indicators of environmental conditions, in terms of either their presence or relative abundance within communities. In this review, we examine key environmental influences affecting aquatic plants, and their potential use as indicators at local, watershed, and regional scales.
Explanation:
Bill FreedmanAbstract: Aquatic plants are important components of many freshwater ecosystems. In thisreview we examine natural and anthropogenic influences on the distribution and abundanceof aquatic plants, and develop a conceptual model of those diverse interactions. Species ofaquatic plants vary greatly in their anatomy, physiology, life-history traits, and ability totolerate inorganic and biological stressors. Key examples of inorganic stressors are extremeregimes of flow velocity, irradiance, salinity, ice cover, temperature, nutrients, and pollutants.Stressors associated with competition, herbivory, and disease may also limit the abilityof species to utilize otherwise suitable habitats. Some aquatic plants have a cosmopolitandistribution and display high levels of polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity in responseto variations of environmental factors; these qualities allow them to occur over a wide rangeof conditions. Other species, however, have narrower tolerances and are potentially usefulindicators of environmental conditions, in terms of either their presence or relative abundancewithin communities. In this review, we examine key environmental influences affectingaquatic plants, and their potential use as indicators at local, watershed, and regional