Question

how can ecological factors influence in pond ecosystem?discuss it with suitable examples with respect to its structural and functional aspects.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Ecosystem A pond ecosystem is a freshwater ecosystem in which communities of organisms rely on each other for nutrients and survival, as well as the prevailing water environment. Ponds are shallow water bodies with a depth of $12-15$ feet that allow sunlight to penetrate to the bottom, allowing plants to grow.

Explanation:

Plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions, make up the ecosystem of a pond or lake. Lentic ecosystems are best represented by pond and lake ecosystems. Carrying capacity is determined by limiting factors.

Temperature, flow, and salinity are abiotic environmental factors in a pond's ecosystem. In a pond ecosystem, pollutants, nutrients, and soil pH are all important abiotic factors.

Structural of pond ecosystem:

A pond ecosystem's structure Abiotic and biotic are the two main components.

Abiotic Components:

Components that are not biological is Abiotic substances in the Pond ecosystem form when organic and inorganic materials are mixed together. They affect pond aquatic organisms either directly or indirectly.

The number of organisms that can live in an ecosystem is determined by the availability of abiotic (such as water, oxygen, and space)

• Light
• Temperature  
• Oxygen that has dissolved
• Carbon dioxide
• Dissolved Minerals
• Turbidity
• P$_{H}$ of water

Biotic Components:

Biotic elements The living components of the Pond ecosystem are known as biotic components. Producers Aquatic green plants, which can be divided into two groups, are the producers. Biotic (such as food) factors. The availability of decomposers has an impact on carrying capacity.

• Phytoplanktons (microphytes) They're microscopic autotrophs that capture and store solar energy. Spirogyra, Zygnema, Volvox, and Oedogonium, for example.

• Macrophytes are plants that grow on the ground. They are large plants that produce a variety of foods. Pistea, Hydrilla, and other similar plants are examples.

Consumers:

Consumers are heterotrophic organisms that eat producers as a source of food. Their classifications are as follows:

Primary Consumers: Autotrophic organisms such as microscopic plant eaters or zooplanktons, Mollusks, Beetles, Cyclops, and Daphnia, among others, rely on herbivorous animals.

Secondary Consumers: These are primary carnivores that eat herbivorous animals as a source of food. Insects, fish, frogs, and crabs, for example.

Functional aspect of the pond ecosystem ;

Interactions: They are the biotic communities' food chains and food webs. There are two types of food chains, as shown below:

1. Predatory food chain: In a predatory food chain, the food chain begins with aquatic green plants (autotrophs) whose source of energy is the sun, and this autotroph then becomes the source of energy for herbivorous, which then becomes the source of energy for primary carnivorous and secondary carnivorous.

2. Detritus (saprophytic) food chain: Here, microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi convert organic matter (i.e. dead plants and animals) into detritus food, which is then consumed by the consumer as a source of energy. There isn't a predatory or parasitic variant.

Answer 2

Answer:

Ecological factors, i.e. environmental factors are air, soil, water, climate, and natural vegetation. These are the factors that affect the day-to-day lives of living beings in an ecosystem.

Explanation:

The manner in which ecological factors affect the pond ecosystem are:

1. Air- In a pond ecosystem, oxygen is needed to help bacteria in breaking down the natural organics. Additionally, many living beings like fishes, survive on dissolved oxygen.
2. Soil- The help in anchoring plants and is a great source of nutrients.
3. Water- It is important to maintain the water quality of a pond. An excess of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus caused by runoff water from irrigated lands is toxic to fish in the pond.
4. Climate- Sudden changes in factors like temperature and rainfall can adversely affect the life-cycle of aerobic life in the pond.
5. Natural vegetation- They serve important functions like controlling soil erosion, providing natural habitats, and denaturing some pollutants.

Such are the manners in which ecological factors affect the pond ecosystem.