Question

How can it be determined that a liquid is saturated with a gas?

Answer 1

The duration of the saturation process will e.g. depend on the area of the surface between liquid and gas, if the gas is injected into the liquid or not, if you shake the container, if you stir the liquid, and many other factors. Measuring the concentration of CO2COX2 in water would be a little more challenging than just waiting. Standard methods include titration or gas sensing electrodes.