Question

how can manuscripts preserved

Answer 1

A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand -- or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten -- as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way.[1] More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include any written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author's work, as distinguished from its rendition as a printed version of the same.[2] Before the arrival of printing, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, explanatory figures or illustrations. Manuscripts may be in book form, scrolls or in codex format. Illuminated manuscripts are enriched with pictures, border decorations, elaborately embossed initial letters or full-page illustrations.
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Answer 2

The preservation of early manuscripts requires consideration of their material composition. A stable storage environment is one of the most important factors in securing their longevity. The optimal environment will be a relatively constant temperature and humidity with very little fluctuation (Newberry Library conditions: 65 degrees Fahrenheit, 45 % Relative Humidity +/- 5%). Additionally, because the damaging effects of light are cumulative, light exposure should be minimized for these materials.

Manuscripts of this time period may exhibit preservation issues from years of handling and/ or improper storage. Some damage or degradation such as iron gall ink corrosion may require professional conservation treatment to prolong the life of the item. Other common preservation issues include tightly folded documents, planar distortion of parchment or paper, physical damage, restrictive openings of book bindings, flaking pigments.