Question

how can the challenges be reformed

Answer 1

Challenges to Implementing Systemic Reform . In Chapter 3, we presented brief summaries of the strategies and major components

Answer 2

Public sector institutional reform faces some fundamental challenges. Successful reforms are not only about technical capacity and knowledge. Improving public sector effectiveness is fundamentally political and shaped by the political settlement (Bukenya & Yanguas, 2013). Reforms have to deal with complex political and social contexts including corruption, patronage, and political capture. Thus PSIR initiatives need to take politics seriously and move from ‘thinking politically’ to ‘working differently’ (Rocha Menocal, 2014). Moreover, we know that fundamental changes to institutional features (staff capacity, organisational culture) take decades if not centuries (Lange & Rueschemeyer, 2005). This poses challenges for short term political opportunity spaces as well as donor funding.