How can the components of following mixture be separated:
(i) kerosene oil and water
(ii) Salt and Ammonium chloride
(iii) Pure Copper sulphate from impure sample
(iv) Dyes in black ink
please write 400-500 words please please please... with digram.
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
A mixture is composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be physically separated by using methods that use physical properties to separate the components of the mixture, such as evaporation, distillation, filtration and chromatography.
Evaporation can be used as a separation method to separate components of a mixture with a dissolved solid in a liquid. The liquid is evaporated, meaning it is convert from its liquid state to gaseous state. This often requires heat. Once the liquid is completely evaporated, the solid is all that is left behind.
Evaporation can be used as a separation technique.
Distillation is a separation technique used to separate components of a liquid mixture by a process of heating and cooling, which exploits the differences in the volatility of each of the components.
Distillation apparatus.
Distillation procedure: 1) the round bottom flask contains the liquid mixture which must be heated to a vigorous boil, 2) the component with the lower boiling point will change into its gaseous state, 3) upon contact with the water-cooled condenser, the gas will condense, 4) trickle down into the graduated cylinder where the chemist can them recuperate the final distilled liquid, and 5) the other liquid component remains in the round bottom flask.
Filtration is a separation technique used to separate the components of a mixture containing an undissolved solid in a liquid. Filtration may be done cold or hot, using gravity or applying vacuum, using a Buchner or Hirsch funnel or a simple glass funnel . The exact method used depends on the purpose of the filtration, whether it is for the isolation of a solid from a mixture or removal of impurities from a mixture.
Filtration apparatus.
Filtration procedure: 1) the mixture is pored through a funnel lined with a filter paper, 2) the filtrate (liquid) drips through to the filter flask, 3) the solid remains in the funnel.
Though chromatography is a simple technique in principle, it remains the most important method for the separation of mixtures into its components. It is quite versatile for it can be used to separate mixtures of solids, or of liquids, or mixtures of solids and liquids combined, or in the case of gas chromatography, can separate mixtures of gases. The two elements of chromatography are the stationary phase and the mobile phase. There are many choices of stationary phases, some being alumina, silica, and even paper. The mobile phase, in liquid chromatography, can also vary. It is often either a solvent or a mixture of solvents and is often referred to as the eluant.. A careful choice of eluting solvent helps to make the separation more successful. The mixture is placed on the stationary phase. The eluant passes over the mixture and continues to pass through the stationary phase carrying along the components of the mixture. If a component in the mixture has greater affinity for the mobile phase (eluant) than the stationary phase, it will tend to be carried along easily with the eluant. If another component in the mixture has a greater affinity for the stationary phase than the mobile phase then it will not be carried along so easily. A separation is thus obtained when the different components in a mixture have different affinity for the stationary and mobile phase. Three important types of chromatography based on the principles discussed above are: 1) thin layer chromatography (TLC), 2) column chromatography, and 3) gas chromatography.
. Thin layer chromatography is a one type of chromatography. a) The stationary phase can be a thin film of alumina or silica on glass or even paper. The plate is placed in a developing tank which contains the mobile phase (eluant) which travels up the plate by capillary action. b) A separation is obtained because the component of the mixture that has a stronger affinity for the eland (compound 2) travels faster up the plate, than the component that has a strong affinity to the stationary phase (compound 1).