Question

How can we classify essential elements on the basis of their diverse functions?

Answer 1

NCERT based Answer for Class 11 Biology Students

Essential elements are grouped into four categories on the basis of their functions:

 Components of biomolecules and hence structural elements of cells. E.g., C, H, O, N.

 Components of energy related chemical compounds in plants. E.g., Mg in chlorophyll and P in ATP.

 Some essential elements alter osmotic potential of cell. E.g., K plays an important role in opening and closing of stomata by altering osmotic potential of guard cells.

 Regulator of enzymes.  For example: Magnesium acts as activator of the enzyme Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Essential elements can be grouped into four broad categories on the basis of their functions. These are :

(i) Structural elements : Some essential elements are components of biomolecules and hence are the  structural elements of cells. They are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

For example, C, H and O  are components of cellulose and many other biomolecules.

(ii) Components of energy-related compounds : Some essential elements become components of energy-related chemical compounds in organisms.

For example, magnesium is a component of chlorophyll that  takes part in conversion of light energy into chemical energy.

(iii) Enzyme activators or inhibitors : Many essential elements are responsible for activating or inhibiting  enzymes.

For example, $Zn^{2+}$ is an activator of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme.

(iv) Maintaining osmotic potential : Most of the osmotic potential of cell sap is due to inorganic salts such  as $K^{+}$ etc.

Osmotic potential is required for water absorption and maintenance of cell turgidity