Question

how can we obtain
A. Ethene from ethanol.
B. Ethane from ethanol.
C. Ethanoic acid from ethanol.

Answer 1

A. Dehydration with conc. H2SO4

When concentrated sulphuric acid is added to Ethyl alcohol and the mixture is heated upto 170°C, it causes dehydration of Ethyl alcohol to give ethene.

C2H5OH → C2H4 +H2O.

B.
Ethene can be converted to ethane by addition of hydrogen molecule. It is known as hydrogenation reaction.
CH2=CH2 + H2 −→−−−−−−Nickel catalyst CH3-CH3


C.
As ethanol is primary alcohol, so on oxidation of ethanol by nascent oxygen (obtained from K2Cr2O7+Dil.H2SO4) it forms aldehyde(acetaldehyde) first n then again on further oxidation by nascent oxygen it forms acetic acid or ethanoic acid (carboxylic acid).

Step 1:—

CH3CH2OH + [O] → CH3CHO + H2O

Step 2:—

CH3CHO +[O] → CH3COOH

(Reaction takes place in presence of oxidizing agent K2Cr2O7 + Dil.H2SO4

K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4(Dil.) → K2SO4 +Cr(SO4)3 + 4H2O + 3[O]. )


Hope this helps
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Answer 2

Hey Friend,

1. Ethene from Ethanol - 

*Process - 
Dehydration - it involves elimination of elements of water from alcohol. 

*Reaction -
C2H5OH -----> C2H4 + H2O

*Catalyst - [the catalysts act as dehydrating agents!]concentrated H2SO4 at 170 degrees or Al2O3 at 350 degrees 

2. Ethane from Ethanol -

Dehydration (above process) is followed by Catalytic Hydrogenation! 
C2H5OH ---> C2H4 + H2O 

*Process -
Catalytic Hydrogenation - Saturated addition product formed due to addition of hydrogen at double bond.

*Catalyst -
Nickel, Palladium, Platinum at high temperature (300 degrees)

*Reaction -
C2H4 + H2 ---> C2H6

3. Ethanoic acid from Ethanol

*Process -Oxidation - the process of combining oxygen to alcohol to given carboxylic acid.

*Reaction -C2H5OH + [O] ----> CH3CHO + H2O CH3CHO + [O] ----> CH3COOH + H2O

*Catalyst -K2Cr2O7 (oxidizing agent) acidified with dilute H2SO4 at high pressure and low temperature

Hope it helps!