Question

How can we remove permanent and temporary hardness of water by reaction?

Answer 1

Temporary hardness is due to the presence of magnesium and calcium hydrogen carbonates.

It can be removed by:

● BOILING

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During boiling, the soluble Mg(HCO3)2 is converted into insoluble Mg(OH)2

and Ca(HCO3)2 is changed into insoluble CaCO3.It is because of high solubility product of Mg(OH)2 to that of MgCO3, that Mg(OH)2 is precipitated. This percipitates can be removed by filtration.Filtrate thus obtained will be soft water.

● CLARK'S METHOD

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In this method calculated amount of lime is added to hard water . It percipitates out calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide which can be filtered off.

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