How can we say that the classification of life forms will be closely related to their evolution?What is evolution?
Answers
Answer:
The gradual accumulation of variations in our genetic material that results in change in characteristics over a very long period of time is called Evolution.
Classification of organisms is closely related to evolution in the following ways:
1. Classification is the grouping of organisms on the basis of similar characteristics. Characteristics are details of appearance or behaviour or a particular form or function.
2. Characteristics in different organisms would be similar because they have inherited them from a common ancestor. eg: Mammals have 4 limbs and so do birds, reptiles and amphibians. They are placed under the same phylum.
3. The more characteristics they have in common, the more closely they are related to each other, and the more recently will they have had a common ancestor.
4. Thus, we can build up small groups of species with recent common ancestors, then super groups of these groups with more distant common ancestors and so on. In theory, we can keep moving backwards like this until we come to the notion of a single species at the very beginning of the Earth.
5. This creates the concept of Homologous and Analogous Characteristics.
Homologous Characteristics: Structures having similar structure but different functions. eg: Limbs of human and frog. Both have very similar body limb structures but both limbs serve different purposes.
Analogous Characteristics: Structures having similar functions but different structure. eg: Wings of birds and butterfly. Both serve the common function of flying but have very different structures.
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