how can we say that the Panchayati Raj system give the people training in democracy in short answer.
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Introduction of the Panchayat Raj system through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment is the most authoritative step towards energizing grass-root democracy in the history of independent India. The Bill offers substantial space for responsive and participatory governance. It reaches out to women, OBCs, SCs and STs with enabling provisions to assimilate them into the mainstream political dynamics.
Being connected to grass-root people, the Panchayats and the elected representatives have the feel of ground realities, sufferings of people and local conditions. The effectiveness of providing services through local bodies cannot be over-emphasized as they know their real requirements, and are familiar with every nook and corner of the village and, above all, they are answerable to the people. The involvement of Panchayats ensures greater transparency in working and fund utilization than when execution is carried out by state agencies. However, since Panchayati Raj is a State subject, it is for the States to take steps to devolve necessary powers to the Panchayats.
But the Panchayat Act appears threatening to the privileged class that has all along enjoyed decision making powers at the cost of excluding every other weaker section. The laudable initiative for decentralization of governance has met resistance from the elite political interests, authority hungry bureaucracy and the highly powerful corporate lobby whose interests are well served by the continuation of a colonial centralized structure of governance.
A similar fate is met by the PESA Act, 1996 (Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996) that extends the PR Bill to the Fifth Schedule areas of the nine states so that the tribal community can also enjoy self governance according to their traditional culture and lifestyle through the Gram Sabhas. Yet, Panchayats are the only way to strengthen grass-root democracy and pull the weaker sections away from marginalization.
Needless to say, the devolution of powers and functions to Panchayati Raj Institutions is a step in the right direction and over time these Institutions are expected to emerge as strong Centers of local governance responsive to the needs of the local community. What is needed today is the display of political will and a willingness to make the PRIs both effective and accountable. Another urgent need is an extensive exercise in the capacity building of elected PRI representatives.
Here is the status of the functioning of the Panchayat Raj System in India:
Broadened and Representative Leadership: India now has constitutionally mandated 232,332 village Panchayats, 6,000 intermediate Panchayats and 534 Zilla Panchayats. The three tiers of these elected bodies consist of as many as 27,75,858 village Panchayat members, 1,44,491 members of the intermediate Panchayat and 15,067 members of the district Panchayat.
Women Empowerment: Women head about 175 District Panchayats, more than 2,000 Block Panchayats and about 85,000 Gram Panchayats. The southern states are doing better in promoting women leadership compared to the northern states. Along with the Southern States West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh also have more than 33 per cent women heads. It clearly suggests election of some women candidates from general seats too.
Rotation of Reserved Constituencies: Reservation of constituencies by rotation for different groups has led to taking very short term view by the elected representatives as they have no prospect of re-election.
Parliamentary review Committee on local self-governance: A decade after the 73rd and 74th constitutional Amendments, a Parliamentary Committee was constituted to review their impact and progress. This committee consisted of 30 members from Lok Sabha and 13 members from Rajya Sabha. It bluntly but rightly pointed out that this period has witnessed a willful violation of Constitution in terms of devolution of rights to Panchayats and that the Ministry of Rural Development had failed to assert itself effectively.
Being connected to grass-root people, the Panchayats and the elected representatives have the feel of ground realities, sufferings of people and local conditions. The effectiveness of providing services through local bodies cannot be over-emphasized as they know their real requirements, and are familiar with every nook and corner of the village and, above all, they are answerable to the people. The involvement of Panchayats ensures greater transparency in working and fund utilization than when execution is carried out by state agencies. However, since Panchayati Raj is a State subject, it is for the States to take steps to devolve necessary powers to the Panchayats.
But the Panchayat Act appears threatening to the privileged class that has all along enjoyed decision making powers at the cost of excluding every other weaker section. The laudable initiative for decentralization of governance has met resistance from the elite political interests, authority hungry bureaucracy and the highly powerful corporate lobby whose interests are well served by the continuation of a colonial centralized structure of governance.
A similar fate is met by the PESA Act, 1996 (Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996) that extends the PR Bill to the Fifth Schedule areas of the nine states so that the tribal community can also enjoy self governance according to their traditional culture and lifestyle through the Gram Sabhas. Yet, Panchayats are the only way to strengthen grass-root democracy and pull the weaker sections away from marginalization.
Needless to say, the devolution of powers and functions to Panchayati Raj Institutions is a step in the right direction and over time these Institutions are expected to emerge as strong Centers of local governance responsive to the needs of the local community. What is needed today is the display of political will and a willingness to make the PRIs both effective and accountable. Another urgent need is an extensive exercise in the capacity building of elected PRI representatives.
Here is the status of the functioning of the Panchayat Raj System in India:
Broadened and Representative Leadership: India now has constitutionally mandated 232,332 village Panchayats, 6,000 intermediate Panchayats and 534 Zilla Panchayats. The three tiers of these elected bodies consist of as many as 27,75,858 village Panchayat members, 1,44,491 members of the intermediate Panchayat and 15,067 members of the district Panchayat.
Women Empowerment: Women head about 175 District Panchayats, more than 2,000 Block Panchayats and about 85,000 Gram Panchayats. The southern states are doing better in promoting women leadership compared to the northern states. Along with the Southern States West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh also have more than 33 per cent women heads. It clearly suggests election of some women candidates from general seats too.
Rotation of Reserved Constituencies: Reservation of constituencies by rotation for different groups has led to taking very short term view by the elected representatives as they have no prospect of re-election.
Parliamentary review Committee on local self-governance: A decade after the 73rd and 74th constitutional Amendments, a Parliamentary Committee was constituted to review their impact and progress. This committee consisted of 30 members from Lok Sabha and 13 members from Rajya Sabha. It bluntly but rightly pointed out that this period has witnessed a willful violation of Constitution in terms of devolution of rights to Panchayats and that the Ministry of Rural Development had failed to assert itself effectively.
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