Question

how can we say that vitamin is catalyst

Answer 1

Vitamin B12 derivatives were found for the first time to be general and efficient catalysts for asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA). Among several common derivatives, aquocobalamin (B12a) was shown to be the most effective catalyst for a variety of alkenes, providing cis-dominant cyclopropanes in excellent yields and moderate enantioselectivity. Reactivity studies under different conditions suggest that the active species in the proposed catalytic cycle is the base-on cob(II)alamin (B12r) that is generated possibly via in situ reduction of B12a by EDA.