Question

how can we separate acetone from water. Explain with the hely of diagram the process of separation​

Answer 1

Answer:

Hint: The separation of the two highly miscible liquids, with varying boiling points can be separated through heating the mixture slowly, with the substance with lower boiling point evaporates first and thus, separates from the mixture.

Complete step by step solution:

In the mixture of acetone and water, the acetone is a highly miscible liquid and dissolves readily in water. But the boiling point of water is 100∘C and boiling point of acetone is 56∘C , that is a difference of 44∘C. So, the separation method is chosen in which the difference in their boiling point is considered having a difference more than 25K. That is, the distillation process.

In the distillation method, the two liquids present in the distillation flask are boiled and the liquid with lower boiling point, that is the acetone, vaporises first and gets condensed and isolated from the mixture, leaving behind the water in the flask. Thus, both the miscible liquids get separated, without getting decomposed during the process.

Therefore, the acetone and the water mixture are separated by option (A)- distillation.

Additional information:

The decantation technique is used when one of the substances in the immiscible mixture is heavier than the other. Such that the heavier substance settles down at the bottom and the water can be removed.

Whereas, in the centrifugation method the high spinning of the mixture is done on the basis of their density. The denser component under high speed gets forced out first.

Note: In the separation of two substances in the mixture, if the difference in the boiling points would have been less than 25K, then we would have made use of the fractional distillation method.

Answer 2

By gradually heating the combination, which causes the component with the lowest boil point to vaporize first of all and subsequently separates as from mixture, it is possible to separate any two extremely soluble liquids with different boil points.

• By using a method known as fractional distillation, that is based on the idea that different components of a combination have different boiling points, it is possible to separate miscible liquids.
• Acetone is a highly miscible solvent that dissolves easily in water when mixed with water.
• The two liquids in the distillation flask are heated, and the component the with lower boil point, acetone, vaporises first before being concentrated and separated as from combination, leave the liquid inside the flask intact.
• As a result, neither soluble liquid is degraded during separation.

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