How can you find the valency of an atom by simply looking at is ions?
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When U know the whole Structure and everything about that,....Its very very easy to calculate
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For example
Helium in its outer layer it has 2 atoms (perfectly balance therefore noble gas),so it has no valance
But for example hydrogen ( not balanced since it has 1 atom in its outer layer), it needs one more atom so 1 valance.
And
Oxygen (not balanced since +2 valance),it needs two more electrons to balance itself to the octet rule
Helium in its outer layer it has 2 atoms (perfectly balance therefore noble gas),so it has no valance
But for example hydrogen ( not balanced since it has 1 atom in its outer layer), it needs one more atom so 1 valance.
And
Oxygen (not balanced since +2 valance),it needs two more electrons to balance itself to the octet rule
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