how can you increase the conductivity of distilled water ? why?
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That depends on the purity of the water. Very, very pure water has a resistivity of over 18 million ohms per cm, essentially non conductive. Unfortunately, water seldom stays that pure for very long. If it is exposed to normal air, CO2 from the air will dissolve in the water, forming carbonic acid, and the resistivity quickly drops to less than 12 million ohms per cm.
The jugs you can buy at the grocery store? Around 6 to 8 million ohms per cm.
Good enough for most purposes.
One lab I worked at required 70 to 100 liters a day of insanely pure distilled water, purer than could be bought, so it was produced on site. Tap water was passed through 6 deionization columns, into a glass still purged with dry nitrogen passed through a concentrated KOH solution to remove CO2, and collected in 20 liter polycarbonate carboys under a dry nitrogen blanket that were immediately capped when full. Pressurized dry nitrogen was used to force the water into the test apparatus. (Dissolved nitrogen did not affect the tests.)
Operating the setup was one of my tasks, as I had the muscle (and training) to change out the DI columns and move the carboys.
If I were designing the setup today, I’d run the tap water through a RO unit first, which would increase the working cycle of the DI columns. But that lab was a LONG time ago.
The jugs you can buy at the grocery store? Around 6 to 8 million ohms per cm.
Good enough for most purposes.
One lab I worked at required 70 to 100 liters a day of insanely pure distilled water, purer than could be bought, so it was produced on site. Tap water was passed through 6 deionization columns, into a glass still purged with dry nitrogen passed through a concentrated KOH solution to remove CO2, and collected in 20 liter polycarbonate carboys under a dry nitrogen blanket that were immediately capped when full. Pressurized dry nitrogen was used to force the water into the test apparatus. (Dissolved nitrogen did not affect the tests.)
Operating the setup was one of my tasks, as I had the muscle (and training) to change out the DI columns and move the carboys.
If I were designing the setup today, I’d run the tap water through a RO unit first, which would increase the working cycle of the DI columns. But that lab was a LONG time ago.
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