how can you overcome from this pandemic (covid 19) situation by adopting cleanliness habits drawing
Answers
Answer:
IsoElectronicSpecies;−
☆ Those having same number of electrons \bf{(e^-)}(e
−
) but different nuclear charge forms iso-electronic series.
\begin{gathered}\bf\red{Examples,} \\ \end{gathered}
Examples,
1) \bf{O^{2-}\:,\:F^{-}\:,\:Mg^{2+}}O
2−
,F
−
,Mg
2+
have 10 electrons. Hence, they are iso-electronic species.
2) \bf{K^{+}\:,\:Ca^{2+}\:,\:S^{2-}\:,\:Cl^-}K
+
,Ca
2+
,S
2−
,Cl
−
have 18 electrons. Hence, they are iso-electronic species.
3) \bf{Ne\:,\:F^{-}}Ne,F
−
have 10 electrons. Hence, they are iso-electronics.
4) \bf{N^{3-}\:,\:Al^{3+}\:,\:Mg^{2+}}N
3−
,Al
3+
,Mg
2+
have 10 electrons. Hence, they are iso-electronics.
____________________
♕ Now we take one the above example and clarify it.
✒ We take second example.
\begin{gathered}\boxed{\begin{array}{cccc}\bf Species & \bf Z & \bf e^- \\ \frac{\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad}{} & \frac{\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad}{} & \frac{\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad\qquad}{} \\ \bf K^+ & \sf 19 & \sf 18 \\ \\ \bf Ca^{2+} & \sf 20 & \sf 18 \\ \\ \bf S^{2-} & \sf 16 & \sf 18 \\ \\ \bf Cl^- & \sf 17 & \sf 18 \end{array}}\end{gathered}
Species
K
+
Ca
2+
S
2−
Cl
−
Z
19
20
16
17
e
−
18
18
18
18
\begin{gathered}\bf\blue{Where,} \\ \end{gathered}
Where,
Z denotes the total number of electrons are present in that element.
\bf{e^-}e
−
denotes the number of electrons are present after gain/loss of valency electrons.
\begin{gathered}\Large{\underline{\underline{\bf{\color{cyan}CHARACTERISTICS\:;-}}}} \\ \end{gathered}
CHARACTERISTICS;−
For iso-electronic species the atomic radius increases with decrease in effective nuclear charge.