Chemistry, asked by taenniee, 7 months ago

How chemistry works/plays in its modern world?​

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Answered by avaniaarna
0

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Background on Chemistry

Chemicals are everywhere. They're all around you. You're sitting on chemicals, breathing in chemicals, eating chemicals, and sleeping with chemicals. And no, you don't need to run away screaming: the natural world is made of chemicals, too. And chemistry is our study of those substances. Chemistry is the study of the atoms, molecules, and mixtures which make up the matter in the universe, including the ways they change, combine, and interact to form new ones.

While plants and animals are made of chemicals, the biggest impacts of chemistry on the world are where we've used our understanding of chemicals to make new, artificial ones. There's a modern feeling that artificial chemicals are bad, but that isn't completely true. Artificial chemicals have saved billions of lives, increased human productivity, and completely changed the way we live. Although chemistry has impacted the modern world in ways too many to count, today we're going to talk about a handful of the biggest areas in which chemistry has impacted the world.

Plastics & Artificial Products

Today, 80 million tons of polythene, also called polyethylene, is made every year. And it all started with an accidental discovery by a German chemist, Hans von Pechmann, in the late 1890s. He happened to notice a waxy substance at the bottom of his test tubes. He found that they were made up of gigantic chains of molecules. Those chains are called polymers.

This material was the first plastic, and would lead to today's world where we're surrounded by them. Everything from childhood toys to plastic bags, hard hats, nylon products, and shower curtains. We're surrounded by artificial products, and most of them are polymers of some kind. Plastics can be highly durable, lightweight, cheap to make, and easy to clean. They've turned our homes to all kinds of bright colors and it's hard to imagine modern life without them.

Answered by jharishav1176
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Answer:

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that material substances undergo. Of all the scientific disciplines, it is perhaps the most extensively connected to other fields of study. Geologists who want to locate new mineral or oil deposits use chemical techniques to analyze and identify rock samples. Oceanographers use chemistry to track ocean currents, determine the flux of nutrients into the sea, and measure the rate of exchange of nutrients between ocean layers. Engineers consider the relationships between the structures and the properties of substances when they specify materials for various uses. Physicists take advantage of the properties of substances to detect new subatomic particles. Astronomers use chemical signatures to determine the age and distance of stars and thus answer questions about how stars form and how old the universe is. The entire subject of environmental science depends on chemistry to explain the origin and impacts of phenomena such as air pollution, ozone layer depletion, and global warming.

The disciplines that focus on living organisms and their interactions with the physical world rely heavily on biochemistry, the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes. A living cell contains a large collection of complex molecules that carry out thousands of chemical reactions, including those that are necessary for the cell to reproduce. Biological phenomena such as vision, taste, smell, and movement result from numerous chemical reactions. Fields such as medicine, pharmacology, nutrition, and toxicology focus specifically on how the chemical substances that enter our bodies interact with the chemical components of the body to maintain our health and well-being. For example, in the specialized area of sports medicine, a knowledge of chemistry is needed to understand why muscles get sore after exercise as well as how prolonged exercise produces the euphoric feeling known as “runner’s high.”

Examples of the practical applications of chemistry are everywhere (Figure 1.1 "Chemistry in Everyday Life"). Engineers need to understand the chemical properties of the substances when designing biologically compatible implants for joint replacements or designing roads, bridges, buildings, and nuclear reactors that do not collapse because of weakened structural materials such as steel and cement. Archaeology and paleontology rely on chemical techniques to date bones and artifacts and identify their origins. Although law is not normally considered a field related to chemistry, forensic scientists use chemical methods to analyze blood, fibers, and other evidence as they investigate crimes. In particular, DNA matching—comparing biological samples of genetic material to see whether they could have come from the same person—has been used to solve many high-profile criminal cases as well as clear innocent people who have been wrongly accused or convicted. Forensics is a rapidly growing area of applied chemistry. In addition, the proliferation of chemical and biochemical innovations in industry is producing rapid growth in the area of patent law. Ultimately, the dispersal of information in all the fields in which chemistry plays a part requires experts who are able to explain complex chemical issues to the public through television, print journalism, the Internet, and popular books.

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