How could particles with electric charge be massless before the electroweak symmetry breaking?
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All charged particles do not have mass. Charge and mass are distinct attributes: the first is an ``internal'' label, the second a ``spacetime'' label for a particle.
The particles that make up matter, quarks and leptons, for instance the electron, that are fermions, in fact, acquire their mass through the Yukawa couplings to the scalar, that was introduced through the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism.
The neutrinos, however, that are leptons and carry weak charge are now (since 1998) known to have mass. However, how *they* acquire their mass is an open issue, since only left-handed neutrinos are observed to exist, so the B-E-H mechanism isn't, directly, applicable.
The particles that mediate the interactions, that are vector bosons, are massless, due to gauge invariance. The W+, W- and Z, all of whom carry weak charge, are massive through spontaneous breakdown of the electroweak symmetry, through the B-E-H mechanism, therefore gauge invariance is ``hidden'' in this case. The photon, that does mediate the electromagnetic interactions, but is electrically neutral, remains massless, since the gauge invariance, that expresses electric charge conservation, remains manifest.
The gluons and graviton are massless and do carry ``charge'': the gluons do carry ``color'', the charge of the strong interactions and the graviton does couple to the energy-momentum tensor (the gauge invariance is local coordinate invariance).
So the statement as made is not true.
hope it will help u
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The particles that make up matter, quarks and leptons, for instance the electron, that are fermions, in fact, acquire their mass through the Yukawa couplings to the scalar, that was introduced through the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism.
The neutrinos, however, that are leptons and carry weak charge are now (since 1998) known to have mass. However, how *they* acquire their mass is an open issue, since only left-handed neutrinos are observed to exist, so the B-E-H mechanism isn't, directly, applicable.
The particles that mediate the interactions, that are vector bosons, are massless, due to gauge invariance. The W+, W- and Z, all of whom carry weak charge, are massive through spontaneous breakdown of the electroweak symmetry, through the B-E-H mechanism, therefore gauge invariance is ``hidden'' in this case. The photon, that does mediate the electromagnetic interactions, but is electrically neutral, remains massless, since the gauge invariance, that expresses electric charge conservation, remains manifest.
The gluons and graviton are massless and do carry ``charge'': the gluons do carry ``color'', the charge of the strong interactions and the graviton does couple to the energy-momentum tensor (the gauge invariance is local coordinate invariance).
So the statement as made is not true.
hope it will help u
mark as brainliest answer
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