Question

how covalent bonds are formed

Answer 1

 Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding between two non metallic atoms which is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms and other covalent bonds.

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Answer 2

$\huge\mathfrak{Answer:}$

A covalent bond is formed by mutual sharing of valence electron pair between two atoms in such a way that each of the two atoms forming a covalent bond causes the $\bold{noble\:gas\:configuration}$. By doing so, hydrogen completes its duplet while all other atoms complete their respective octets.

■ If each atom contributes one electron, a single covalent bond is formed and if two or three electrons are contributed by each atom double and triple bonds are formed respectively.

■ The number of electrons contributed by each atom is called the $\bold{covalency\:of\:the atom}$.

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Let us discuss the formation of :

$\boxed{\Huge\bold{Ethyne}}$

♧Carbon has 4 electrons in its valence shell. Therefore, it requires four other electrons to complete its octet.

♧This can be done by acquiring one electron from each atom and three electrons from the other C-atom.

》》Similarly, same case happens for the other carbons also. As a result of this, triple bond is formed between to C-atoms and two single bonds between C and H atoms. 《《

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The resulting structure is linear :

REFER TO THE ATTACHMENT!