how cytokine barriers and active immunity is different from each other???
Answers
Answer:
There are three lines of defense: the first is to keep invaders out (through skin, mucus membranes, etc), the second line of defense consists of non-specific ways to defend against pathogens that have broken through the first line of defense (such as with inflammatory response and fever).
Explanation:
Home Bookshelves Microbiology Book: Microbiology (Kaiser) Unit 5: Innate Immunity Expand/collapse global location
11.3C: Cytokines Important in Innate Immunity
Last updatedSep 6, 2020
11.3B: Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
11.3D: Harmful Effects Associated with Abnormal Pattern-Recognition Receptor Responses, Variations in Innate Immune Signaling Pathways, and/or Levels of Cytokine Production
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Contributed by Gary Kaiser
Professor (Microbiology) at Community College of Baltimore Country (Cantonsville)
Learning Objectives
Describe the following:
cytokines
chemokines
interferons
State what is meant by the phrase "Cytokines are pleiotropic, redundant, and multifunctional."
Name the two cytokines that are most important in stimulating acute inflammation.
Describe specifically how type I interferons are able to block viral replication within an infected host cell.
Cytokines are low molecular weight, soluble proteins that are produced in response to an antigen and function as chemical messengers for regulating the innate and adaptive immune systems. They are produced by virtually all cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity, but especially by T- helper (Th) lymphocytes. The activation of cytokine-producing cells triggers them to synthesize and secrete their cytokines. The cytokines, in turn, are then able to bind to specific cytokine receptors on other cells of the immune system and influence their activity in some manner