Question

How did African nationalism change during 1912 and 1948

Answer 1

✨ANSWER :-

➡African nationalism is an umbrella term which refers to a group of political ideologies, mainly within Sub-Saharan Africa, which are based on the idea of national self-determination and the creation of nation states.

➡[1] The ideology emerged under European colonial rule during the 19th and 20th centuries and was loosely inspired by nationalist ideas from Europe.

➡[2] Originally, African nationalism was based on demands for self-determination and played an important role in forcing the process of decolonisation of Africa (c. 1957–66).

➡However, the term refers to a broad range of different ideological and political movements and should not be confused with Pan-Africanism which may seek the federation of several or all nation states in Africa.

Answer 2

Answer:

African nationalism aimed to change Africans' identity. Nationalist leaders preferred that Africans identify as South Africans rather than Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho, etc. Nationalists encouraged movements for self-determination following World War I.

African nationalism in South Africa can be broadly defined as all political actions and ideological components intended to advance the status, the rights, and the position of Africans in the new society created as a result of white invasion and conquest. Pan Africanism is a concept that is embraced by African nationalism in South Africa. The attempt to create a nation within a particular geographic area is a modern phenomenon.

Explanation:

• Nationalism is an ideology where people are encouraged to be loyal and proud and to support their own nation.
• Between 1912 and 1960 several Nationalist movements emerged in South Africa, defining in which way different groups belonged to the South African Nation.
• In 1910, the Union of South Africa was formed, and only white men had political power. This left black South Africans with no voice.
• In January 1912, the South African Native National Congress was formed, with Reverend John Dube as it’s first president. It aimed to unite Africans, to oppose discrimination and prejudice and to win political rights for all.
• The SANNC later became the ANC and at first was a moderate organisation,…show more content…
• The ANC under Dr Alfred Xuma drew up the African Claims in South Africa calling for votes for adults, fair land distribution and an end to discrimination in the workplace.
• The Congress Youth League (CYL) was formed in 1943, by younger ANC members, and wanted to bring about change for all classes and races in a more active way and with mass support.
• After the National Party came into power in 1948, many of the CYL members, like Nelson Mandela, were elected to ANC leadership positions and the ANC adopted a Programme of Action. This accepted the use of strikes, boycotts, civil disobedience and non-co-operation.
• Some black Africans like Anton Lembede, wanted Blacks to be organised separately and in the Africanist view believed that, as Garvey said, “Africa is for Africans” and that they must stick together for national liberation.
• The ANC’s idea of nationalism was supported by their Freedom Charter of 1955. This Charter was non-racial and stated that, “All who live in it, black and white” belong to the South African nation and this non-racial nationalism is known as…show more content…
• “Government of Africans, by Africans for Africans.”
• Even though the ANC and the PAC were banned in 1960, African nationalism did not collapse. The Black Consciousness Movement, which developed in the late 1960’s, led by Steve Biko, continued to promote pride in the Black identity through culture, history and language.
• After the South African War (1899-1912) and the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, many Afrikaners resented the English heritage and links to the British and so there was a call for Afrikaner Nationalism.
• The Afrikaners, led by JBM Hertzog, formed the National Party in 1914. They wanted to promote white Afrikaner interest and have a greater say in their country.
• When The National Party came into power in 1924, with Hertzog as Prime Minister, Afrikaans became an official language and a South African flag was adopted. In order to protect white workers, the government introduced policies where they gave preference to white workers and helped poor Afrikaners.

Reference Link

• https://brainly.in/question/10642103