how did agricultural prosperity increase under the British in punjub
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AGRICULTURE
Punjab is one of the most fertile regions on Earth. The region is ideal for growing wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables. Indian Punjab is called the “Granary of India” or India’s bread-basket. It produces 20% of India’s wheat and 9% of India’s rice. On a global scale, this represents 3% of the world’s production of these crops, so the Indian Punjab produces 2% of the world’s cotton, 2% of its wheat and 1% of world’s rice. The largest grown crop is wheat; however, other important crops are rice, cotton, sugarcane, pearl millet, maize, barley, and fruits.
The principal crops of Punjab are barley, wheat, rice, maize and sugarcane. Among the fodder crops are bajra and jowar. The main sources of irrigation are canals and tube wells. The economy of the state primarily depends upon agriculture sector.
Sharing his views with AGRICULTURE TODAY on agriculture status in Punjab, Mangal Singh Sandhu, Director- Agriculture of Punjab, termed the economy of Punjab as prosperous owing to its constantly high agricultural yields. Referring to 2008 Global Hunger Index, Sandhu said that Punjab has the lowest level of hunger in India. He described Punjab to have the best infrastructure in India; this includes road, rail, air and river transport links that are extensive throughout the region. Punjab also has the lowest poverty rate in India at 6.16% (1999-2000 figures), and has won the best State Performance Award, based on statistical data compiled by the Indian Government.
Sandhu recalled the establishment of the Department of Agriculture back in British period and first set of rules were framed in the year 1933. The head of the Agriculture Department is director and is presently headquartered at Chandigarh. He acts as Agriculture Advisor to the state of Punjab in addition to his responsibilities of planning, organizing, executing and supervising the techniques of production programmes. However the first and the foremost duty of the director is to increase the agricultural production of the state and to assist in the contributing a major portion of the food grains to the central pool, with the view to make the country self sufficient. The director of agriculture also helps in framing marketing policies. He also advises the government in respect to agro-based industries. He also monitors the input supplies like seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides. Irrigation, power, diesel, etc. The Director has four sections under him, i.e.
I. Administration
II. Engineering
III. Hydro-geology.
IV. Statistics.
All the above sections are supervised by respective joint directors.
Sandhu pointed out that the traditional marketing of crops, fruits and vegetables is unfavourable for farmers as a major share of consumer money is pocketed by traders and middleman. Farmers get low price of their produce, whereas the consumers have to pay a higher price for poor quality of products in the market. To address this situation, Punjab State Marketing Board was established as farmers’ market with the view to give boost to small farmers across the cities so as to provide direct access to the consumers by eliminating the middlemen. It is also known as ‘ApniMandi’ because it belongs to both farmers and consumers who can mutually help each other.
Sandhu further said that the offices of different departments of Punjab government relating to Agriculture at Sub divisional Headquarters were not concentrated at one place and farmers had to shuttle from one corner of the town to other. Hence the Board has initiated a scheme for construction of VikasBhawans at all sub-divisional headquarters.
The work on 18 such VikasBhawans has already been completed at a cost of Rs.411, 86 lakh. These VikasBhawans had been constructed with a view to house offices related to farmers under one roof at Ajnala, Tarantaran, Patti, FAzilka, Abohar, Nabha, Malerkotla, Batala,Phagwara, Zira, Barnala, Gurdaspur, Ludhiana, Muktesar, etc. The department of agriculture, horticulture, soil conservation, animal husbandry, food and civil supplies, fisheries, Food Corporation of India, Marked and Puns up are planned to have their administrative office located in each of their complexes.
Sandhu however lamented that the farmers are facing the problems of not getting loans for mechanization and labour saving devices. He was of the view that Animal driven and hand-pulled carts must be highly subsidized. Organic farmers must get a good amount of subsidy per acre.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Punjab is one of the most fertile regions on Earth. The region is ideal for growing wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables. Indian Punjab is called the “Granary of India” or India’s bread-basket. It produces 20% of India’s wheat and 9% of India’s rice. On a global scale, this represents 3% of the world’s production of these crops, so the Indian Punjab produces 2% of the world’s cotton, 2% of its wheat and 1% of world’s rice. The largest grown crop is wheat; however, other important crops are rice, cotton, sugarcane, pearl millet, maize, barley, and fruits.
The principal crops of Punjab are barley, wheat, rice, maize and sugarcane. Among the fodder crops are bajra and jowar. The main sources of irrigation are canals and tube wells. The economy of the state primarily depends upon agriculture sector.