how did British lay their foundation in Bengal
Answers
Answer:
In 1717, the Company had secured from the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar a farman granting it the right to carry on trade in Bengal without paying any duty to the government. The employees of the Company, though permitted to carry on private trade, would have to pay taxes like the Indian merchants.
Explanation:
Vasco da Gama The Portuguese Trade:
The Portuguese established their headquarters in Goa, Daman and Diu on the western coast of India and established their monopoly over trade with India. The success of the Portuguese traders prompted other European countries to set up trading companies for trade with India and other parts of Asia and Africa. Thus, Holland, England, France and Denmark set up trading companies. With the arrival of other European companies, the Portuguese lost their predominance over Indian trade.
In 1600, a company popularly known as the English East India Company was established by a small group of English merchants. Queen Elizabeth, by a charter, granted them the exclusive right to trade with the East. The East India Company set up its first factory at Surat. A factory, in those days, was not a place where goods were manufactured. It consisted of a warehouse, an office and residential quarters. They were so named as the Company officials, also called ‘factors’, resided there.
Madras became an important British trading settlement. In 1688, Bombay was transferred to the Company by King Charles II, who had received it as a dowry from the Portuguese at an annual rent of 10 pounds. The company also established trading centre at Fort William in Calcutta. By 1700 the East India Company had established three important factories in Madras, Bombay and Calcutta.
Answer:
The Battle of Plassey made the English the virtual masters of Bengal. It placed the vast wealth of Bengal in the hands of the British. These resources helped them to win battles in the Carnatic. Mir Jafar was a puppet in the hands of the English. The victory in the battle of Plassey transformed a mere trading company into a political power. It paved the way for the establishment of British rule in India.
Explanation:
The first Indian kingdom that the British invaded was Bengal. Of all the provinces in India, it was the richest and most fertile. The textile, silk, and saltpetre industries of the province were also well-known. The East India Company had successful business dealings with this province. Bengal's vast resources proved useful for funding British expansion.
The Company obtained a farman in 1717 from the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar, allowing it to conduct business in Bengal without having to pay any taxes to the government. Despite being allowed to engage in private business, Company employees would be required to pay taxes, just as Indian traders.
The farman was a perpetual source of conflict between the Company and the Nawab of Bengal. The Nawab lost revenue from trade. More importantly, he protested against the misuse of the dastak or permit by Company’s servants who carried on private trade.
After taking Calcutta, Siraj-ud-daula marched back to Murshidabad. However, Siraj's success was fleeting. Beginning in 1757, Robert Clive reconquered Calcutta with the aid of a sizeable armed force. The power to fortify Calcutta was one among the demands the English made that the Nawab was forced to concede.
But the English were not content. They desired to place a puppet Nawab in power in Bengal. To overthrow Siraj-ud-Daula, Clive conspired with Mir Jafar, the commander of the Nawab's troops, and others. Mir Jafar would receive a sizable prize from the Company in exchange for becoming the Nawab of Bengal.
The British were now making impossibly high demands to the Nawab. The likelihood of war was recognised by both sides. On June 23, 1757, the two armies clashed at Plassey Field, a little more than 20 miles south of Murshidabad.
The infamous Battle of Plassey was merely a nameless conflict. The majority of the Nawab's army, led by Mir Jafar, stayed out of the battle. The Nawab was compelled to run away. But Miran, the son of Mir Jafar, killed him after taking him prisoner.
The Battle of Plassey made the English the virtual masters of Bengal. It placed the vast wealth of Bengal in the hands of the British. These resources helped them to win battles in the Carnatic. Mir Jafar was a puppet in the hands of the English. The victory in the battle of Plassey transformed a mere trading company into a political power. It paved the way for the establishment of British rule in India.
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