How did Constantinople respond to numerous invasion attempts before 1453?
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This is made clear in that, in 1453 it fell to the Ottoman Turks. Had it become stronger, it would not have fallen.
It's position wasn't helped by the fact that the 4th Crusade in 1204 attacked the then Christian city, secured it in the name of the Church of Rome, and apparently decided not to bother about the Muslims in Jerusalem.
It wasn't the Turks the city was defending itself againts, but fellow Christians!
"As recently as the summer of 2001, Pope John Paul II wrote: ‘It is tragic that the assailants, who set out to secure free access for Christians to the Holy Land, turned against their brothers in the faith.' "
It's position wasn't helped by the fact that the 4th Crusade in 1204 attacked the then Christian city, secured it in the name of the Church of Rome, and apparently decided not to bother about the Muslims in Jerusalem.
It wasn't the Turks the city was defending itself againts, but fellow Christians!
"As recently as the summer of 2001, Pope John Paul II wrote: ‘It is tragic that the assailants, who set out to secure free access for Christians to the Holy Land, turned against their brothers in the faith.' "
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