Question

how did different groups of people interpret the idea of swaraj? 3 marker

Answer 1

Rich peasants: They were enthusiastic supporters.They wanted their revenue rates to be revised. When the movement was called off and restarted without the revenue rates being revised they were reluctant to participate.

Poor peasants: they wanted tax collection to be relaxed as their income started disappearing. The congress kept aloof from them

Industrialists:They wanted protection on foreign imports and a steady rupee sterling exchange ratio. Their notion of Swaraj was a time when trade constraints no longer existed

Answer 2

(i)Rich Peasants - Depression and fall in prices affected them badly. They demanded reduction in land revenue. Swaraj meant reduction of taxes for them.

(ii)Poor Peasants - Depression affected them badly. They demanded reduction in rent. Swaraj meant reduction of rent for them.

(iii)Business classes – They demanded protection against the import of foreign goods. They wanted a Rupee-Sterling exchange rate that would discourage import. They formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920. They also formed the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries. They gave financial help to the movement and refused to sell the foreign goods.

(iv)Industrial Workers – They were poorly paid. Conditions of work were miserable. Swaraj meant better wages and working conditions for them. Railway workers and dockyard workers conducted strike. Workers in mines wore Gandhi Caps and took part in rallies.

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