Question

how did east India company establish trade in India and enter in to its politics

Answer 1

India has been a major source of textile, spices and other commodities. After the Fall of Constantinople Invaded by the Ottoman Empire, Western Europe was completely cut off from the rest of the Asian Trade routes. This turned out to be disastrous as it led to famines because spices were the key component which kept meat fresh and India was the main source of it. To fix this problem Western European nations tried to find the sea route to India, Portuguese took the lead under the aegis of Prince Henry the Navigatoreventually Vasco da Gama a Portuguese explorer found the route.

There on Portuguese dominated the sea routes from ports like Surat, Goa etc so much as Gulbadan Begum, the daughter of emperor Babur and aunt to mighty Akbar the great had to get permission - Cartaz (licence) from Portuguese to visit Mecca, Krishnadevaraya had to take permission to trade in the waters of Arabian Seas.

Gradually rest of the Europeans entered the scene. The East India company achieved a major victory over the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally in 1612, at Suvali in Surat. The company decided to explore the feasibility of gaining a territorial foothold in mainland India, with official sanction from both Britain and the Mughal Empire and requested that the Crown launch a diplomatic mission.

As instructed by James I, English delegate Sir Thomas Roe Member of Parliament for Tamworth went to persuaded the then Mughal Emperor Jahangir for issuing Farman in favor of English to establish trade factory at Surat. Sir Thomas Roe succeeded in this mission and English got a foothold in India.