Question

How did expansion and global trade during the 15th to the 18th centuries affect the politics of European countries

Answer 1

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.Several factors were responsible for opening and development of European trade in India during the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. ... Discovery of the all new sea route to India by the Europeans also contributed. Pepper and spices were brought to Europe overland and partly by sea from India and South-East Asia.

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Answer 2

The global expansion of western Europe between the 1760s and the 1870s differed in several important ways from the expansionism and colonialism of previous centuries. Along with the rise of the Industrial Revolution, which economic historians generally trace to the 1760s, and the continuing spread of industrialization in the empire-building countries came a shift in the strategy of trade with the colonial world. Instead of being primarily buyers of colonial products (and frequently under strain to offer sufficient salable goods to balance the exchange), as in the past, the industrializing nations increasingly became sellers in search of markets for the growing volume of their machine-produced goods. Furthermore, over the years there occurred a decided shift in the composition of demand for goods produced in the colonial areas