Question

how did expansion of plantation in india affect forests ?

Answer 1

[1] British Government had expanded plantation rapidly for the commercial demand. [2] The colonial state thought that forests were unproductive, so large areas of natural forests were cleared to make to way for tea, coffee and rubber plantation to meet Europe’s growing need for commodities. [3] The colonial government took over the forests and gave vast areas to European planters at cheap rates. [4] These areas were enclosed and cleared of forests and planted with tea and coffee. [5] It had affected the lives of common people who were dependent on forest for their daily needs of spices, fuel, fodder and leaves, fruits. Now, they had been deprived of their natural resources. [6] Plantation meant severe hardship for villagers across the country.

Answer 2

The improvement and establishment of plantation parallelly affected the forest area.

Explanation:

• As there were huge demands for coffee, tea, spices, etc., in England, British government cleared vast area of forest to be utilized for plantation of crops during there rule.
• The cleaned-up area of forest were sold as estates to the European planters with cheapest price. Also, British introduced scientific forest concept to India in which all the natural forest plants were cut and replaced with one type of trees in straight rows.
• The scientific forest was established because Britishers were in need of wooden raw material for building ships and railways.

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