Question

how did guild control painters

Answer 1

We talk about artistic license today and joke that it is a license to practice art, never realising that in fifteenth century Florence it was necessary for an artist to literally pass a test to become a licensed practitioner. If he and his skills were sufficiently mature to satisfy the examiners, he was admitted to the Guild of St. Luke, which was primarily a sort of labour union for doctors. Just why artist and doctors should belong to the same guild seems to be a mystery other than the fact it was probably the most prestigious of all the guilds and the artists decided they needed all the prestige they could get. At any rate, the guilds demanded of their members only the highest standards of competence and workmanship. Beyond that, they also guaranteed the work of their members. Believe it or not, they also celebrated religious rituals and as the name implies, each had a patron saint. These guilds controlled all branches of labour from butchers to plumbers and all the skills in between. Today, the Masonic Order is a throwback to such medieval guilds.

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