How did indian govt annexed the princely states of kashmir, hyderabad and junagarh?
Answers
Why did India invade Hyderabad and Junagadh and annex them forcefully into the Indian union?
See the location of Junagarh. India could not allow small pockets of Pakistan within India. Junagarh was a hindu majority state with a muslim ruler. Muslim league wanted Pakistan to be created from muslim dominated state. However, India being a secular country included even the peaceful Muslim majority states where Hindu and Muslim coexisted like Kashmir Valley( I gave this example because then you may give a counter argument that Kashmir should be a part of Pakistan).
So, India could not accept Junagarh as a part of Pakistan because it violated the basic reason for partition.
Same was the case with Hyderabad.
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There were 565 princely states in India at the time of independence, then with the efforts of Sardar Vallabhai Patel all the states were merged into the sovereignty of India except three states they were Hyderabad, Junagadh, Kashmir. When decision was left with the states to merge with India or Pakistan, Kashmir state king Raja Hari singh decided that they would remain neutral neither merging with India nor Pakistan. Hyderabad was under Nizam rule, he decided that Hyderabad state would merge with Pakistan and finally when comes to Junagadh the king decided to be part of Pakistan. But, people revolted against him and decided to be part of India. Therefore government conducted plebiscite in Junagadh, the result was unilateral that Junagadh should be part of India. While coming to Hyderabad state, government conducted an military operation known as OPERATION POLO. Which resulted king's surrender and through the Instrument of Accession Hyderabad became part of India.
Reason behind forceful annexation of Hyderabad and Junagadh is that two states were located in internal part of India which is an security issue to India. So, government played tactics and made Hyderabad and Junagadh part of India. Another reason was that Pakistan may influence those two states and create disturbance's in the country.
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Long answer short, it is mainly due to the Geopolitical reasons that India had to invade the specified RIYASATS.
In context to the Hyderabad RIYASAT, we can not imagine a independent country inside a country…. Yes if Hyderabad was not annexed by India and left independent there may be two possibilities…
Hyderabad joining Pakistan —— disastrous for India, based on the location…. Excess force will be required to keep the boundaries intact and prevent illegal immigrants and continued threat of war..
If Hyderabad would have been independent, it will be primarily influenced by Pakistan owing to its Geopolitical location with respect to India….. and problems stated in point 1 emerges.
In case of Junagadh its location is much more advantageous for India and so was annexed.
Considering the probable threats and possible opportunities with the two RIYASAT , it was very wise of Sardar Patel and Pandit Nehru to forcefully annex the two areas else it would have been very much difficult to maintain peace in the Union of India…