how did nationalism in the Balkans take a violent form? (5 mark question)..…..
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Answer:
The Balkans were disrupted by two wars in 1912-13, as well as rising Serbian nationalist groups. ... The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Balkan city of Sarajevo provided the Austro-Hungarian government with a pretext for crushing Serbian nationalism, something it had long desired.
The First Balkan War was fought between the members of the Balkan League—Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro—and the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan League was formed under Russian auspices in the spring of 1912 to take Macedonia away from Turkey, which was already involved in a war with Italy.
The first of the conflicts, known as the Ten-Day War, was initiated by the JNA (Yugoslav People's Army) on 26 June 1991 after the secession of Slovenia from the federation on 25 June 1991. Initially, the federal government ordered the Yugoslav People's Army to secure border crossings in Slovenia.
The war ended in 1995 after Nato bombed the Bosnian Serbs and Muslim and Croat armies made gains on the ground. A US-brokered peace divided Bosnia into two self-governing entities, a Bosnian Serb republic and a Muslim-Croat federation lightly bound by a central government.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Explanation:
Serbia’s territorial gains had two significant outcomes, both of which contributed to the outbreak of World War I. The first was a sharp increase in Serbian nationalism.
Several Serb nationalist groups formed in the early 1900s and flourished over the next decade. Their primary aim was to free Serbia from foreign control and influence, particularly from Vienna.
In 1908, the Austro-Hungarians formally annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. This roused nationalist movements in the region. Groups like the Narodna Odbrana (‘People’s Defence’), Crna Ruka (‘Black Hand’) and Mlada Bosna (‘Young Bosnia’) were all formed between 1908-1911 with the mission of driving out the Austro-Hungarians.
These groups were encouraged by Russian agents, as well as individuals in the Serbian government, public service and military. Most of their activities involved political agitation or the production of anti-Austrian propaganda – but some volunteers trained for and plotted acts of terrorism.
Their most significant act, of course, was the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in June 1914. This was carried out by a small group that included Gavrilo Princip, a teenaged member of Crna Ruka.
Another profound consequence of Serbian expansion was the threat it posed to Austria-Hungary. The Hapsburg empire had already surrendered significant territory to the Italians and the Russians in the 1870s. Developments in the Balkans in 1912-13 seemed to hint at even more losses.
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