How did non cooperation movement spread in countryside why did mahatma gandhi call off?
Answers
Rebellion in the Countryside: From the cities, the Non-Cooperation Movement spread to the countryside. It drew into its fold the struggles of peasants and tribals which were developing in different parts of India in the years after the war.
Awadh
In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra – a sanyasiThe movement was against talukdars and landlords who demanded from peasants exorbitantly high rents and a variety of other cesses.Peasants had to do begar and work at landlords’ farms without any payment.The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords.In many places nai – dhobi bandhs were organised by panchayats to deprive landlords of the services of even barbers and washermen.In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru began going around the villages in AwadhBy October, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and a few others.Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region.As the movement spread in 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted, and grain hoards were taken over.
Tribal Peasants
In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920sHere, the colonial government had closed large forest areas, preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits.This enraged the hill people.their livelihoods were affected and their traditional rights were being denied.When the government began forcing them to contribute beggar for road building, the hill people revolted.Alluri Sitaram Raju was their inspiration. he claimed that he had a variety of special powersCaptivated by Raju, the rebels proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God.Raju was inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement, and persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking.he also asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence.The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj.Raju was captured and executed in 1924
Swaraj in the Plantations
For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and were rarely given such permission.When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home.They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages. They, however, never reached their destination. they were caught by the police and brutally beaten up.