Question

How did pastoralists of india lose their grazing lands

Answer 1

(i) In the late 19th century, European imperialists divided Africa among themselves. In 1885, Maasailand was divided between British Kenya and German Tanganyika.

(ii) As a result, the best grazing lands were taken over by the European colonists. The Maasai were pushed into a small area which was arid and had poor pastures.

(iii) In the late 19th century, the British encouraged local peasants communities to expand cultivation which reduced the amount of pasture land available.

(iv) In pre-colonial times, the Maasai had dominated their neighbours economically and politically. But by the end of colonial rule the situation was reversed

(v) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and samburu National park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania.

(vi) Pastoralists were allowed to enter these reserves. Very often these reserves were in area that had traditionally been the regular grazing ground for Maasai herd.

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Answer 2

Reasons for Pastoralists of India losing their lands:

• European imperialists split Africa among themselves in the later 19th century. Maasai land was split between British Kenya and German Tanganyika in 1885. As a result, European colonists took over the better grazing lands.
• The Maasai were forced into a tiny arid area with poor pastures. The Maasai had controlled their neighbors politically and economically in pre-colonial times. But the situation was got back at the end of british rule.
• Many areas of grazing places were also get into reserves such as Samburu National Park and Maasai Mara in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania. These reserves were permitted to enter pastoralists. Very frequently these reserves were in an area that was traditionally Maasai herd's regular grassland.

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