HOW DID PURVAS AND ANGAS HELP IN SPREAD OF JAINISM AND BUDDHISM
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History of Jainism is the history of a religion founded in ancient India. Jains trace their history through twenty-four tirthankara and revere Rishabhanatha as the first tirthankara (in the present time-cycle). Some artifacts found in the Indus Valley civilization have been suggested as a link to ancient Jain culture, but this is highly speculative and a subjective interpretation. This theory has not been accepted by most scholars because very little is known about the Indus Valley iconography and script.[2][3][4][5] The last two tirthankara, the 23rd tirthankara Parshvanatha (c. 8th–7th century BCE)[6][7][8] and the 24th tirthankara Mahavira (c. 599 – c. 527 BCE)[9] are considered historical figures.[10][11] Mahavira was the elder contemporary of the Buddha.[6] According to Jain texts, the 22nd Tirthankara Neminath[12] lived about 85,000 years ago and was the cousin of Hindu god Krishna.[13][14] Jains consider their religion eternal.[15]
The two main sects of Jainism, the Digambara and the Śvētāmbara sect, likely started forming about the 3rd century BCE and the schism was complete by about 5th century CE.[16][17] These sects later subdivided into several sub-sects such as Sthānakavāsī and Terapanthis.[18] Jainism co-existed with Buddhism and Hinduism in ancient and medieval India. Many of its historic temples were built near the Buddhist and Hindu temples in 1st millennium CE.[19][20] After the 12th-century, the temples, pilgrimage and naked ascetic tradition of Jainism suffered persecution during the Muslim rule, with the exception of Akbar whose religious tolerance and support for Jainism led to a temporary ban on animal killing during the Jain religious festival of Paryusan.[21]