how did the Bombay grows as city under British
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Bombay
The city of Bombay, the capital of the Maharashtra state and the principal sea and airport of Western India, is one of a group of islands lying off the coast of the northern Konkan. Since it is located on a peninsula with water on three sides, the geographical boundaries of Bombay are un expandable. Though there has been much controversy as to the source from which the island derived its name, the opinions seem to converge on the view that the Goddess Mumba Ai is likely to be the source of the Marathi name of Bombay, whereas 'Bombay' was derived from the Portuguese name BOMBAIM, meaning a good bay.
Captain Cooke took charge of the island of Bombay in 1664 from the Portuguese and decided to build a town for the trading class. However, because of some initial problems of land dispute, the building work was delayed till 1674 when the initiative,of Governor Aungiers sorted out the land disputes. The early growth reflected the policy of the then government for attracting colonies oftraders from the rest of the country. Several other concessions in the form ofland tenure, a veiled policy of taxation, and the granting of free passage encouraged settlement in Bombay.
Although greater Bombay extends over an area of about 603 square kilometers, much of its population is concentrated in the south, within the old island city, which is a long and narrow strip. Two north/south railway lines divide the Bombay city by functions, the west is a residential area and the east is occupied by port related activities, warehouses, and wholesale trade. The fort area in the south is the center for big business, banking, finance, and government administration. Development is highly concentrated in the island city, which accounts for only 15.5 percent of the total municipal area but 51 percent of the population. Beyond the downtown and central areas of Bombay city lie the suburbs and extended suburbs, which have been growing much faster than Bombay city. Sub-urbanization is not a new phenomenon. The suburbs have expanded faster than the city in each decade since 1911, while the extended suburbs have grown faster than the Bombay since 1951.
Although Bombay traces its origin the 17th century, it grew very little in its first decades. Even by the late eighteenth century, it was primarily a marine supply point, which, unlike Calcutta and Madras, had few links to the hinterland. Some industries were in existence for serving the handicraft needs like potteries, manufacturing of copper and brass vessels, gold smiths and hand weaving of both silk and cotton. During the early nineteenth century, Bombay's growth resulted from military and economic factors including the development of foreign shipping services. The first textile mill was established in Bombay in 1851. It was followed by several other cotton textile mills. The onwards growth of Bombay from the second hal~ of the nineteenth century was linked to trade.
Towards the early part of the twentieth century, with the inception of Indian Railways, several mechanical workshops foundries and other engineering firms were established. Similarly, construction of docks at the Bombay port helped establish several workshops, foundries and other engineering firms. From 1940, the manufacturing sector became more diversified, with an expansion into basic metals and engineering dating from the Second World War. The Second World War introduced a number of incentive schemes for industrial expansion. As a result, several chemical industries came into existence. Also, several oil, petrochemical, paper, printing, flour mills and food manufacturing industries sprang up. Despite the continued dominance of textiles and engineering, Bombay's industrial base is currently quite diversified.
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The city of Bombay, the capital of the Maharashtra state and the principal sea and airport of Western India, is one of a group of islands lying off the coast of the northern Konkan. Since it is located on a peninsula with water on three sides, the geographical boundaries of Bombay are un expandable. Though there has been much controversy as to the source from which the island derived its name, the opinions seem to converge on the view that the Goddess Mumba Ai is likely to be the source of the Marathi name of Bombay, whereas 'Bombay' was derived from the Portuguese name BOMBAIM, meaning a good bay.
Captain Cooke took charge of the island of Bombay in 1664 from the Portuguese and decided to build a town for the trading class. However, because of some initial problems of land dispute, the building work was delayed till 1674 when the initiative,of Governor Aungiers sorted out the land disputes. The early growth reflected the policy of the then government for attracting colonies oftraders from the rest of the country. Several other concessions in the form ofland tenure, a veiled policy of taxation, and the granting of free passage encouraged settlement in Bombay.
Although greater Bombay extends over an area of about 603 square kilometers, much of its population is concentrated in the south, within the old island city, which is a long and narrow strip. Two north/south railway lines divide the Bombay city by functions, the west is a residential area and the east is occupied by port related activities, warehouses, and wholesale trade. The fort area in the south is the center for big business, banking, finance, and government administration. Development is highly concentrated in the island city, which accounts for only 15.5 percent of the total municipal area but 51 percent of the population. Beyond the downtown and central areas of Bombay city lie the suburbs and extended suburbs, which have been growing much faster than Bombay city. Sub-urbanization is not a new phenomenon. The suburbs have expanded faster than the city in each decade since 1911, while the extended suburbs have grown faster than the Bombay since 1951.
Although Bombay traces its origin the 17th century, it grew very little in its first decades. Even by the late eighteenth century, it was primarily a marine supply point, which, unlike Calcutta and Madras, had few links to the hinterland. Some industries were in existence for serving the handicraft needs like potteries, manufacturing of copper and brass vessels, gold smiths and hand weaving of both silk and cotton. During the early nineteenth century, Bombay's growth resulted from military and economic factors including the development of foreign shipping services. The first textile mill was established in Bombay in 1851. It was followed by several other cotton textile mills. The onwards growth of Bombay from the second hal~ of the nineteenth century was linked to trade.
Towards the early part of the twentieth century, with the inception of Indian Railways, several mechanical workshops foundries and other engineering firms were established. Similarly, construction of docks at the Bombay port helped establish several workshops, foundries and other engineering firms. From 1940, the manufacturing sector became more diversified, with an expansion into basic metals and engineering dating from the Second World War. The Second World War introduced a number of incentive schemes for industrial expansion. As a result, several chemical industries came into existence. Also, several oil, petrochemical, paper, printing, flour mills and food manufacturing industries sprang up. Despite the continued dominance of textiles and engineering, Bombay's industrial base is currently quite diversified.
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