How did the British exploit the natural resources
of the tribal communities?
Answers
Answer:
The British brought about several changes in the forest laws which severely affected the lives of many tribes. The British, for example, extended their control over all forests and declared that forests were state (government) property.
Answer:
●Forest Laws and Their Impact
☆The British brought about several changes in the forest laws which severely affected the lives of many tribes. The British, for example, extended their control over all forests and declared that forests were state (government) property.
☆The British wanted timber, so the forests that produced it were classified as reserved forests where people were not allowed to move freely and practise jhum cultivation. As a result, several jhum cultivators moved away to other areas and lifestyles.
☆Colonial officials decided to give jhum cultivators small patches of land in the forests to cultivate, on the condition that they would have to provide labour to the Forest Department.
☆Naturally, many tribal groups revolted against the alien and unfair colonial forest laws.
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♡The Problem with Trade
During the 19th century, traders and moneylenders began to come into the forests. They offered cash loans to the tribal people and asked them to work for wages.
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☆The Case of the Silk Growers
In the 18th century, Indian silk was in demand in European markets, and the East India Company officials tried to encourage silk production in India to meet their growing demands.
The Santhals of Hazaribagh reared silk cocoons, and silk traders sent in their agents who gave loans to them to collect the cocoons. The growers were paid 3 to 4 rupees for a thousand cocoons, which were then exported to Burdwar or Gaya and sold at five times the price. This made the British traders richer and the Indian tribes poorer.
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