How did the caliphate break up in the arab empire ? Why did the buyid rulers keep the Abbasid caliph as the symbolic had of the Sunni subjects
Answers
Answer:
The limited power of the Abbasids was eventually lost in 945 when the Buyids captured Baghdad. Buyid was a Shiite clan from the Caspian region of Iran (Daylam). ... But they kept the Abbasid caliph as the symbolic head of their Sunni subjects in order to counter the claim of the Fatimids to rule the Islamic world.
Answer:
The limited power of the Abbasids was eventually lost in 945 when the Buyids captured Baghdad. Buyid was a Shiite clan from the Caspian region of Iran (Daylam). The Buyid rulers assumed various titles, e.g. the ancient Iranian title shahanshah. But they kept the Abbasid caliph as the symbolic head of their Sunni subjects in order to counter the claim of the Fatimids to rule the Islamic world. Fatimid was another Shiite dynasty which claimed to be the descendants of the Prophet’s daughter Fatima. The Fatimids conquered Egypt in 969 and established the Fatimid caliphate. The old capital of Egypt, Fustat, was replaced by a new city Qahira (Cairo). Both the dynasties patronized Shiite administrators, poets and scholars.
Between 950 and 1200, the Islamic society was not held together by a single political order or a single language of culture (Arabic) but by common economic and cultural patterns. Many factors helped in maintaining unity in the face of political divisions. These factors were; the separation between state and society, development of Persian as a language of Islamic high culture, and the maturity of dialogue between intellectual traditions.
Ideas and manners were circulated due to free movement of scholars, artists and merchants within the central Islamic lands. The Muslim population which was less than 10 percent during the Umayyad and early Abbasid periods, increased significantly. With the rise of the Turkish sultanates in the tenth and eleventh centuries, a third ethnic group was added to the Arabs and the Iranians. The Turks were nomadic tribes from the Central Asian steppes of Turkistan. The Turks gradually converted to Islam. They were skilled warriors and entered the Abbasid, Samanid and Buyid administrators as slaves and soldiers. They rose to high positions because of their loyalty and military abilities.
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