Question

How did the commercialization of agriculture cause famine?

Answer 1

Answer:

We have already said that the process of commercial revolution resulted in the substitution of commercial crops for food crops. The effect of this development on the overall food situation of the country was a tragic one. The famine of Orissa and Bengal in 1866 bore testimony to this process of substitution of crops.

Answer 2

The commercialization of agriculture cause famine

Explanation:

• The commercialization of agriculture means that the agricultural crops and goods are produced by the peasants for sale in the market and not for their own consumption. Commercialization of agriculture in India began during the British rule.
• The commercialization of Indian agriculture also partly benefited Indian traders and money lenders who made huge fortunes by working as middlemen for the British. In this regard, they acted as conduits delivering the products from peasants to the British company from where it was taken abroad.
• Moreover, Indian money lenders advanced cash advances to the farmers to cultivate the commercial crops and if the peasants failed to pay him back in time, the land of the peasants came under the ownership of moneylenders.
• The misery was further enhanced as the population of India was increasing every year, fragmentation of land was taking place because of the increasing pressure on land, and modern techniques of agricultural production were not introduced.
• This becomes ample from the fact that till 1880, India had a surplus of foodstuffs to the extent of five million tons and by 1945 it had a deficit of 10 million tons.
• The consumption of food was then estimated at one and a half lb per individual and in 1945 it was 1 lb. Nearly thirty percent of the Indian population was estimated to be suffering from chronic malnutrition and under nutrition.

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