Question

How did the french revolution and industrial revolution play an important role in the emergence of sociology?

Answer 1

Sociology the discipline emerged from the intellectual revolution and enlightenment thought , shortly after the French Revolution . Its foundation was laid by a French scholar Auguste Comte as a positivist science of society , study of human behavior in collectivity and social relationship through social interaction. It emerged as a reaction to modernity , capitalism , urbanization, rationalization and expanded methodologically with the passage of time. Its emergence coincided with two most significant and landmark social and political revolutions of 18th century i.e industrial and french revolution . This period of history is often described as a period of great transformation laid the grounds of socio historical factors that led to the realization of issues such as urbanization , poverty , rights , unemployment , hunger , citizenship which broadened the dimensions of study of society and led to the realization of the need for its systematic study .



The french revolution which overshadowed the 19th century was a landmark even that led to the overthrow of old order of society . It strengthened the state to represent the will of people an rejected any form of despotism .There was a replacement in allegiance to god to an allegiance to state , due to emergence of france as one of the most powerful nation state of the 18th century .The grants of new legal rights , and a new system of inheritance gave people a new perspective to view society .With greater emphasis on state there was an unprecedented rise of nationalism which inspired and sparked various other revolutions in other parts of europe and the world . The new ideas that surfaced aafter the role played by philosophers gave an ideological base to the development of sociology . These revolutionary ideas not only acted as a catalyst to challenge the traditional authority and religiosity but also laid the intellectual framework for sociology .



The industrial revolution that started in england with an optimism that rapid industrialization will foster improve the world through enlightened self interests of individuals involved in the process was guided by the principle of equality to compete , which further broadened the inequality of outcomes. It was instrumental in transformation of simple, preliterate, subsistence based society into a complex, occupationally divergent , urbanized and populous modern society. The social change was driven by economic reasons giving way to mass production , concept of surplus , profitability it changed the way premodern society was aligned . It brought new social classes and broadened the inequality between them along with rise in intensity of exploitation and dependence was raised

Answer 2

Answer:

The period 'Renaissance' which began in Italy in the 15th century and later moved northwards sweeping all of Europe was the precursor to the Industrial Revolution, French Revolution, and American War of Independence.

Explanation:

The Renaissance period altered the entire social, cultural, political, and economic outlook of society. It resulted in ideological shifts in almost every sphere. The 'Catholic Curiosity' led to the creation of the 'New Scientific Method,' which resulted in numerous discoveries and innovations. The 'New Scientific Method' was ultimately responsible for the Industrial Revolution. It was distinguished by the transition from "Subsistence society" to "Monetary society" or "Capitalist society." The mass production of factory goods altered the entire social structure.

However, social changes were so rapid that society was unable to keep up. As a consequence, there was widespread unrest in society, threatening social stability. Peasants moving to cities, the growth of cities, the adoption of nuclear families, and so on were all in opposition to pre-Industrial society traditions. It resulted in an increase in suicides and violence.

As a result, there was an urgent need to understand the underlying causes of these social changes and provide some meaningful explanation for the increased problems. No other discipline was addressing the newly developed issues. These new instances aided the rise of the 'Science of Society,' or 'Sociology,' of which August Comte is regarded as the father.

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