Question

How did the industrialisation changes the life of the people in Europe

Answer 1

Before the Industrial revolution, India exported textiles to England. This popularized Indian product and the increasing demand was a source of revenue for the native country. However, after the Industrial revolution, factories started functioning in England and too. This meant that the need of finished goods came to an end and England was need of raw materials. India thus started exporting cotton to Britain. This ruined the textile and handicrafts industry to ruins. Farmers were forced to grow cotton and sell at the price fixed by the colonisers. The finished goods were imported back to India and sold at much cheaper price as compared to home made textile, making it difficult for Indian industry to survive.

Answer 2

The industrial revolution in Europe brought about many changes in the field of agriculture, manufacturing, mining and transport. The onset of the industrial revolution marked a major turning point in human history. Almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in factories and mills, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labour dominated by a pace set by machines. Urbanization in Europe increased during industrialization. Cities in the 19th century became places of manufacture and industry. More people moved to the cities because there were more jobs in the cities.
Industrialization brought changes in the social structure. Due to the development of industry and commerce, there was a development of middle class referred to as the 'bourgeoisie'. The class consisted of people of common birth that traded and did other capitalist things. There were several middle classes.The wealthiest bourgeois were bankers, owner of factories and mines, merchants, shopkeepers, managers, lawyers, doctors etc. These middle class people were ambitious hard workers. It took a while for the middle class to stop the political, economical and social discrimination, which it had to deal with. Eventually the middle class gained political power and social respect. The new elite of society during the industrial age were not aristocrats, but the wealthy bourgeois.
The labour class consisted of three levels of labourers. These were rural labourers, the miners and the city workers. Farmers and cottage workers were considered as rural labourers. City workers consisted of artisans, factory workers and servants. Artisans were the largest group of city workers untill the 1850s due to competition from cheap factory made goods, which lessen the need for some artisans. Servants were very abundant in the cities. During the beginning of the industrialization rural workers destroyed machinery because of their current condition and low wages.
It took about a hundred years for working condition to improve. The social structure changed due the development of a new social class and division within classes. New technology improved the life of the people but it had positive and negative affects on the people of Europe.