Question

how did the Nazi control political and social behaviour of German people ?

Answer 1

The structures of control in the Nazi state

Hitler introduced many policies and measures to ensure the Nazis remained in control, once he declared himself Führer. These measures dealt with political opponents, as well as ordinary people, who suddenly found their private, social and working lives controlled by the Nazis.

Seven key structures

The Nazi party aimed to control every aspect of people's political, social and working lives. It maintained control through a mixture of propaganda [Propaganda: A type of advertising for an idea or cause, produced by supporters or opponents of that idea or cause. It is usually produced to influence how the people of a nation think. ]and intimidation.



Government

1. Government (political)

The way Hitler consolidated power in 1933-1934 meant that the Nazis had absolute control of national and local government.



Religion

2. Religion (social)

Hitler believed that religion was a threat to the Nazis' control over people's minds, so he tried different ways to reduce the power of the church over people.



Culture

3. Culture (social)

Hitler ordered Nazification - the imposition of Nazi values - on all aspects of German life.



Work

4. Work (working)

Dr Robert Ley, head of the DAF[DAF: German Labour Front ], boasted that he controlled workers' lives from the 'cradle to the grave'.



Education and youth

5. Education and youth (working)

The lives of young people were controlled both in and out of school to turn them into fanatical Nazis.



Terror

6. Terror (method of control)

Germany became a country where it was unsafe to do or say anything critical of the government.



Propaganda

7. Propaganda (method of control)

Josef Goebbels controlled the Propaganda Ministry, which aimed to brainwash people into obeying the Nazis and idolising Hitler.

This page summarises the main aspects of life where the Nazis took control, and the methods they used to maintain control. The rest of of this Revision Bite will look into these aspects in more detail.

Political life

Government

The following points allowed Hitler to gain control of the government:

Enabling Act

Local government reorganised

Political parties banned

Hitler became Führer

When you have a lot of information to remember, it sometimes helps to make up a mnemonic - a sentence or word - to remind you of what you should be thinking about for this topic. If you rearrange the points above, the first letters of each point spell out the word HELP.

Social life

Religion

The following points are examples of how the Nazis took control of religion:

Non-Nazi Catholic priests and Protestant pastors such as Martin Niemöller and Dietrich Bonhöffer were sent to concentration camps.

Jews and Jehovah's Witnesses were openly persecuted.

Hitler set up a state Reich Church, which banned the Bible and the cross.

Nazis encouraged people to revive the old Viking myths and ceremonies.

Culture

The Nazis dictated what people were allowed to do in their social and private lives:

Artists had to produce acceptable paintings that portrayed Nazi values.

Jazz music was banned.

Books written by Jews were publicly burned.

Homosexuals were persecuted; they did not fit the Nazi image of the ideal family.

The Olympic Games of 1936 were a huge Nazi propaganda success.

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