How did the planters tortured the local peasents?
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Answer:
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Explanation:
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The historic revolt by indigo cultivators popularly known as Indigo Revolt has occupied an important chapter in the history of oppressive British rule in India. It was a mas uprising by Indigo Cultivators against the European planters in the sixties of 19th century. Their continued oppression and inhuman torture with the poor cultivators triggered this revolt. According to historical account, Jessore played the vital role in this revolt. Its planning, strategy, organisational development and escalation were handled from here under the direction of veteran leaders.
According to records, the first target which was hit by the rebels was the Katgora Indigo Manufacturing Plant under Chougachha thana, previously Moheshpur in this district in 1854-55. It was partially damaged by setting it on fore. A number of workers and security guards were killed. To the European planters of different companies in the district and elsewhere, The attack was quite surprising. It was followed by the attacks on Chougachha Indiago Plant and that of Khalishpur under the same district by the rebels. rebels caused an extrusive damage to machineries and establishments. What is remarkable is that the sequence of these events sparked tense situation in the area. It created a law and order problem for the foreigners.
However, these were stray incidents. The real and well organised revolt against the European planters flared up in 1858 following the brutal killing of Shawtal leader Kanu by the foreign company's agent. He was killed to suppress the revolt. Kanu, coming from lower caste was bold and courageous to face any hard reality. This made him a terror to British people. The revolt was further intensified and spread both in speed and action when Digomber Biswas, dewan of Chougachha plant and Bishnu Charan, dewan of Khalishpur Plant under this district, joined the revolt by resigning their rewarding job from Indigo company. They are still remembered for their dynamism, credibility and leadership. Their dynamism impressed people. Their rare quality of uncompromising attitude on matters of principle inspired the participants in this revolt. Their active participation in the revolt in fused new vigour to all ranks and files. The European planters felt nervous and frightened. The rebels went on hunting the Indigo company's men for killing. Genocide, arson, and lootings began from all around. But all these remained confined to only European Indigo manufacturing plants. As a result the European planters and their men left the station in search of safety and protection. French Indigo expert and a trader Lui Bond was the first foreigner to come to Jessore. He got a vast tract of land as settlement from The East India Company to cultivate Indigo at Rupadia, a few kilometrs away from Jessore town in 1795.
He started cultivation on commercial basis. He found it very profitable. Soon he took settlement of more land in different areas of this district and elsewhere. Soil fertility, high yielding result, cheaper cost of cultivation attracted the planters to choose the land in eastern part of the Ganges for Indigo cultivation. According to a writer, a total of 18 such manufacturing plants were set up in the name of New Bengal Indigo Company. These were: Khalgbalia, Rudrapur, Mullahati Kadgora, Bagadanga, Pipulbari, Pipragachi, Bhabanipur, Benapole, Durgapur, Gaighata, Hoogli, Mirjapur, Naradah, Nohata, Ichapur, Chougachha and Khalishpur. Contradicting this number, another writer said that there were 116 offices of company's head office for administrative and monitoring purposes.
The offices to supervise the production and collection were 628 and number of plans were 7452. The total strength of employees was 18,482, the cultivators engaged in the cultivation rose to 1,12,36000. Most of them were forced labourers. It was the statistics available in this connection during 1814-15, while its cultivation was at infant stage. According to another prominent historian WW Hunter, who went round the Indigo cultivating area in Bengal in 1814-15 reported that indigo was cultivated on 20, 40,000 bighas of land covering the districts of Jessore, Khulna, Nadia, 24 Pargunas, Bogra, Pabna, Rajshahi, Maldah, Murshidabad, Mymensingh, Bakergonj and Faridpur.
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