how did the rise of towns and emergence of trade led to the decline of feudalism
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The increase in long-distance trade Long-distance trade is considered to be one of the prime factors in the transition from feudalism to capitalism by economists like Paul Sweezy. Hunt counter argues that increased agricultural output and productivity provided surplus food and raw materials for handicrafts. It also led to the rapid growth of towns and freed workforce for the manufacturing sector. In due course, while reducing the wage goods constraint, the changes in the agricultural sector, freed the workforce from agriculture. The additional workforce and increased output of raw material provided a growth impetus to the industrial sector. All these were prerequisites for long distance trade.
Hunt further argues in both the young as well as the matured feudal states, trade did not lead to the dissolution of the manorial system. In the young feudal states trade was subordinate to the manors and in the mature systems the signs of weakening of the feudal ties started appearing much before trade became an integral part of Western Europe. In the latter states increased agricultural output could not keep pace with the increased size of the aristocratic families which strained the relationship between feudal lords and serfs. In this situation, trade had only expedited the fall of the feudal mode of production.
Hunt (04) argued that even in the earlier part of the feudalism trade flourished in northern and southern Europe, while the rest of Europe had a feudal system. He states that the holy crusades from France were also the outcome of its internal forces. They worked as a safety valve against its domestic unrest.
The spread of trade caused some important changes in society. First, in the medieval time period, exchange took place at the annual trade fair, where people could exchange one commodity for another. The commodities could be grain, salt, spices, brocades, gold diamonds etc. by the fifteenth century these fairs were replaced by a round-the-year market. Secondly, these new emerging cities were free from all feudal ties. Similarly, unlike the feudal artisans the new artisans severed all their ties with the agricultural activities. Thirdly, in these upcoming trade centres the new and “complex systems of currency exchange, debt clearing, and credit facilities, and modern business instruments like bills of exchange came into widespread use.”(Hunt, p.13). Fourthly, unlike the manorial customs and practices, now commercial laws started taking shape to deal with commercial crimes. At the same time capitalist negotiation, contracts, etc. started being formalized.
In the feudal system, the artisans and craftsmen worked with their own tools and raw materials and within their own precincts. They were the masters of their product throughout the production process. They finally sold their product to the merchant. With the rapid growth of trade merchants initially started providing raw material and tools to the artisans and they were supposed to give the final product to the merchant. The artisans were still working under their own roof. Throughout the production process, the merchant was the owner of the final product. In the later stage of the putting-out system the artisans were asked work at the place provided by the merchant. This marked the beginning of the present factory system. The textile industry was the first to experiment with it. Later it spread to all the other sectors. The putting out system brought about two important changesPutting-out system and the birth of the capitalist industry
It created a labour force which had little or no capital.
The labour had only his labour power to sell.
Both the characteristics became the salient features of the capitalist system.
Decline of the manorial system...Hope it helps please mark as brainliest
Hunt further argues in both the young as well as the matured feudal states, trade did not lead to the dissolution of the manorial system. In the young feudal states trade was subordinate to the manors and in the mature systems the signs of weakening of the feudal ties started appearing much before trade became an integral part of Western Europe. In the latter states increased agricultural output could not keep pace with the increased size of the aristocratic families which strained the relationship between feudal lords and serfs. In this situation, trade had only expedited the fall of the feudal mode of production.
Hunt (04) argued that even in the earlier part of the feudalism trade flourished in northern and southern Europe, while the rest of Europe had a feudal system. He states that the holy crusades from France were also the outcome of its internal forces. They worked as a safety valve against its domestic unrest.
The spread of trade caused some important changes in society. First, in the medieval time period, exchange took place at the annual trade fair, where people could exchange one commodity for another. The commodities could be grain, salt, spices, brocades, gold diamonds etc. by the fifteenth century these fairs were replaced by a round-the-year market. Secondly, these new emerging cities were free from all feudal ties. Similarly, unlike the feudal artisans the new artisans severed all their ties with the agricultural activities. Thirdly, in these upcoming trade centres the new and “complex systems of currency exchange, debt clearing, and credit facilities, and modern business instruments like bills of exchange came into widespread use.”(Hunt, p.13). Fourthly, unlike the manorial customs and practices, now commercial laws started taking shape to deal with commercial crimes. At the same time capitalist negotiation, contracts, etc. started being formalized.
In the feudal system, the artisans and craftsmen worked with their own tools and raw materials and within their own precincts. They were the masters of their product throughout the production process. They finally sold their product to the merchant. With the rapid growth of trade merchants initially started providing raw material and tools to the artisans and they were supposed to give the final product to the merchant. The artisans were still working under their own roof. Throughout the production process, the merchant was the owner of the final product. In the later stage of the putting-out system the artisans were asked work at the place provided by the merchant. This marked the beginning of the present factory system. The textile industry was the first to experiment with it. Later it spread to all the other sectors. The putting out system brought about two important changesPutting-out system and the birth of the capitalist industry
It created a labour force which had little or no capital.
The labour had only his labour power to sell.
Both the characteristics became the salient features of the capitalist system.
Decline of the manorial system...Hope it helps please mark as brainliest
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