How did the tribal people maintain their livelihood before colonial governments (5 marks).....
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Some of these forests are conspicuous for their dense growth. ... Before 1865, forest dwellers were completely free to exploit the forest wealth. ... The government's various development programs and the tribal welfare schemes have ... they, by virtue of being native people, have the right to use forest trees for their livelihood.
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- By the 19th century, tribal people in different parts of India were involved in a variety of activities.
- Some Were Jhum Cultivators
Some tribes engaged in jhum (shifting) cultivation.
- Some Where Hunter-Gatherers
- Some tribal groups earned their livelihood by hunting animals and gathering forest produce. They saw the forests as essential for their survival.
- Some Herded Animals
- Many tribal groups such as the pastoralists lived by herding and rearing animals, moving around seasonally with their herds of cattle or sheep.
- Some Took to Settled Cultivation
Many tribal groups preferred to settle down instead of moving from one place to another. They began to use the plough to farm the lands, and gradually got rights over the land they lived on.
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