How do atoms attain Noble gas electronic
configuratio
Answers
Answer: How do atoms attain Noble gas electronic configuratio ??
ans:- A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding which is characterized by the sharing of electrons between atoms. Covalent bonds are mainly formed due to the tendency of the elements to attain a completely filled outer shell, that is, attain noble gas configuration and become stable.
Elements forming covalent compounds achieve noble gas configuration by sharing electrons within the atoms, unlike ionic compounds which achieve the noble gas configuration either by gaining or losing electrons from the outermost electron shell. In covalent bonds, when two atoms are in need of extra electrons to fill their outer valence electron shell, they will often share an electron. The most common example that most people are familiar with is water. The oxygen in water forms a covalent bond with the hydrogen, thus filling the hydrogen's outer shell with two electrons (this is because the outer shell of hydrogen has a maximum capacity of two electrons). While an oxygen atom, originally having six outer electrons, now has seven valence electrons, it requires another in order to fill the shell, and so it bonds with another hydrogen to form H2O. Oxygen, thus has attained the configuration of the noble gas neon and the hydrogen atoms have obtained the configuration of the noble gas helium.
Covalent bonding does not produce electrons, it simply pairs them so that each atom has access to at least one more valence electron than before the bond.
Covalent bonding occurs between atoms with similar electronegativity, and thus most often occurs between non-metals. However, as there are sometimes uneven distributions of electronegativity, either one of the elements in any given compound may attract the shared electrons closer to it than the other one. Therefore, it will have more of a negative charge than the other (while the other becomes more positive). Though this is not a charge to the extent of ions when they gain/lose electrons, due to the slight charge, covalent compounds can produce ionic properties.
A simple way to understand the concept of a covalent bond is, Co can be taken as "co-operation" or "jointly" and valence, so covalent means the co-operation or joining of valence electrons.