Question

How do chemical fertilisers affect the soil, water, rivers ,lakes ? What were its effects in punjab?

Answer 1

chemical fertilisers affect the soil as the life cycle of many organisms is destroyed and natural fertilisers are always better though minerals like gypsum can help treat salinity of soil
In pinjab a lot of land is uncultivatable because of these and many rivers are polluted as the soil and waste runs into rivers without proper sewage disposal

Answer 2

chemical fertilizers has drastic effects on the environment. Chemical fertilizers are also known as artificial fertilizers.
Now a days farmers use chemical fertilizers to get more yield in the crop. But the chemical fertilizers damages the fertility and the health of the soil. chemical fertilizers might give more yield for only 15 --- 20. years, after that the land become barren and it is impossible to grow any crop in that field.
so, for the point, chemical fertilizers damages the soil fertility by killing the micro arthropods and earthworms, which helps for the crop growth. the water also gets damaged by the usage of chemical fertilizers. the chemical fertilizers wouldn't disposed in the soil. so, when the rain falls the chemical fertilizers flows with the rain water through the streams. The streams mixes in ponds, ponds mixes in lakes and lakes mixes in to the rivers. so the chemicals are dissolved in that water and the fishes live in that water gets died and some amount of chemicals get dissolved in their bodies. so, when we consume such fishes we might become the victims of different kinds of diseases.
thus, the soil, water,rivers and lakes get polluted by the usage of chemical fertilizers.
I hope it helps you