Question

how do chemical fertilizer and pesticides effect the production in agriculture

Answer 1

As the plants require nutrients from the soil these fertilisers destroy the nutrients in the soil and thus, affects the growth of the plant

Answer 2

Fertilizers are made of nutrients which are provided to plants , such as nitrogen and phosphorus. but excessive use of fertilizers can led to death  of plants to because they may cannot absorb the fertilizers to much.The use of chemical fertilizers on crops can have adverse effects on waterways caused by chemical run off of the excess fertilizer.
Touching the fertilizer may cause skin irritation for humans. When it rains, these nutrients can be carried to large water bodies and cause water pollution.The over-use of chemical fertilizers can lead to soil acid-ification because of a decrease in organic matter in the soil.