Question

how do mendal experiment shows that traits are inherited independently?

Answer 1

here is ur ans......
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@when Mendel crossed pure bred tall plant with pure bred short plant then only tall plants were seen in the F1 gen  hence he concluded that only one parental trait was expressed. later in the F2 progeny 3/4th plants were tall and the others short.....hence it concluded that the plants in the F1 progeny had both traits but only tallness was expressed.....there were no medium size plants or mixtures what it was found only tallness and shortnessl....therefore the traits were inherited independently.

INHERITED TRAITS.....

These traits are inherited by a person from his ancestors

it involves changes in DNA

it is transmitted to the progeny

Eg. shape of nose,hair colour etc

ACQUIRED TRAITS

they are experienced by a person during his lifetime

it involves changes in non reproductive or somatic cells

it is not transmitted to the progeny 

Eg. the tails of mice are cut...ofcourse their next gen would take birth with a whole tail
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hope it helps u.....
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Answer 2

independent inheritance  of traits is proved by employing dihybrid crosses and obtaining dihybrid ratios. mendel crosses pure breeding  tall plants having round seeds and  round wrinkled seeds with pure breeding short plants having wrinkled seeds. the plants of f1 generation were all tall and rounded seeds indicating that the characteristics of a tall rounded seeded,3 tall wrinkled seeded , 3short round seeded and 1 short wrinkled seeded plants are new combinations which can develop onlu if the traits are considerd individually,f2 ratio would be same as for monohybrid crosses. i.e 12tall,4short,12round seeded,4wrinkle seeded..

hope it helps